Archive for February 2019

This law grants immunity to those persons who in good faith try to protect, serve and tend to others who are injured or ill but does NOT apply to the fitness professional while serving on the job.

This law grants immunity to those persons who in good faith try to protect, serve and tend to others who are injured or ill but does NOT apply to the fitness professional while serving on the job.


a. First Responder Law

b. Heimlich Law

c. Good Samaritan Law

d. Duty to Rescue Law


Answer: c. Good Samaritan Law

A fitness professional who shares identifiable health information about a client with someone who is outside of the realm of patient care is in violation of which federal standard?

A fitness professional who shares identifiable health information about a client with someone who is outside of the realm of patient care is in violation of which federal standard?


a. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

b. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Guidelines

c. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule

d. Americans and Disabilities Act (ADA)


Answer: c. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule

What strategy is least likely to increase adherence in a new client?

What strategy is least likely to increase adherence in a new client?


a. keep exercise intensity high to expedite improvements

b. minimize muscle soreness and injury

c. individualize exercise goals and objectives

d. use step counters to assess outcome measures


Answer: a. keep exercise intensity high to expedite improvements

One example of a high cost-high impact marketing technique is _____.

One example of a high cost-high impact marketing technique is _____.


a. a television commercial depicting the facility and its employees

b. an ad placed on an internet search engine

c. services bartered with a complimentary local business

d. an employee meeting with a current member to discuss program and services available


Answer: a. television commercial depicting the facility and its employees

A Certified Personal Trainer is overheard discussing bod composition information about a specific high profile client with his friends. Which law concerning the safety and security of private record has the Certified Personal Trainer violated?

A Certified Personal Trainer is overheard discussing bod composition information about a specific high profile client with his friends. Which law concerning the safety and security of private record has the Certified Personal Trainer violated?


a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

b. Health and Fitness Privacy Act (HAFPA)

c. Federal Fitness Information Privacy Act (FFIPA)

d. Federal Accountability of Health Professionals Act (FAHPA)


Answer: a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

The release of cortisol that results from repeated stressful events can lead to an increase in the accumulation of _____ and subsequently the release of free fatty acids into the blood stream.

The release of cortisol that results from repeated stressful events can lead to an increase in the accumulation of _____ and subsequently the release of free fatty acids into the blood stream.


a. abdominal fat

b. subcutaneous fat

c. cholesterol

d. lipids


Answer: a. abdominal fat

General guidelines for increasing flexibility of the hamstring muscles include _____.

General guidelines for increasing flexibility of the hamstring muscles include _____.


a. warm-up, exhale during the stretch and maintain neutral position of the spine

b. static stretching and maintaining forward spinal flexion

c. warm-=up, inhale during the stretch and maintain neutral position of the spine

d. static stretching and maintaining spinal


Answer: a. warm-up, exhale during the stretch and maintain neutral position of the spine

You are demonstrating how to stretch to you client. Which statement about technique is correct?

You are demonstrating how to stretch to you client. Which statement about technique is correct?


a. increase range of stretch during exhalation

b. increase range of stretch using a slight bouncing movement

c. increase range of stretch while breath holding

d. increase range of stretch during inhalation


Answer: a. increase range of stretch during exhalation

Which is not true regarding a properly administered informed consent?

Which is not true regarding a properly administered informed consent?


a. it provides an explanation of all procedures to be performed

b. it releases the facility and personnel from liability

c. it provides an opportunity for inquiries

d. it encourages and implies confidentiality


Answer: b. it releases the facility and personnel from liability

If this client wanted to initiate a regular MODERATE intensity exercise routine, what is recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine prior to her participating in exercise?

Your client is a 59 year old sedentary female with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. She has no history of heart disease herself, but her mother had a myocardial infarction at the age of 66. She is an ex-smoker who quit 15 years ago, blood pressure is consistently 135/85 mm Hg, total cholesterol is 180 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L), abd blood glucose is 90 mg/dL. She has come to you for advice because she wishes to improve her overall health and fitness.

If this client wanted to initiate a regular MODERATE intensity exercise routine, what is recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine prior to her participating in exercise?


a. a medical examination and maximal exercise testing is necessary

b. a maximal exercise test only is necessary

c. a submaximal exercise test only is necessary

d. neither a medical examination nor submaximal exercise testing is necessary


Answer: d. neither a medical examination nor submaximal exercise testing is necessary

Which has been substantiated in the scientific literature as a supplement that may be helpful for decreased the duration of the common cold but has been shown to interact with drugs taken for anxiety and high serum cholesterol?

Which has been substantiated in the scientific literature as a supplement that may be helpful for decreased the duration of the common cold but has been shown to interact with drugs taken for anxiety and high serum cholesterol?


a. echinacea

b. ephedra

c. st. john's wort

d. kava kava


Answer: a. echinacea

In comparison to type I muscle fibers, type II fibers _____.

In comparison to type I muscle fibers, type II fibers _____.


a. have a higher capacity to generate energy through the electron transport system

b. have a higher capacity to generate energy from fat

c. are recruited at a higher percentage of maximum force

d. are capable of greater endurance


Answer: c. are recruited at a higher percentage of maximum force

One of your corporate wellness clients is normally consistent in attending appointments. Lately, he has been missing sessions. What strategy would not be the most appropriate way to demonstrate social support to encourage his adherence?

One of your corporate wellness clients is normally consistent in attending appointments. Lately, he has been missing sessions. What strategy would not be the most appropriate way to demonstrate social support to encourage his adherence?


a. contact his company human resources department with an attendance report

b. send an e-mail reminding him of future appointments

c. call the client expressing your concern

d. encourage the client to find a workout partner to improve future adherence


Answer: a. contact his company human resources department with an attendance report

Which is a limiting factor when using the body mass index (BMI) to determine obesity and disease risk?

Which is a limiting factor when using the body mass index (BMI) to determine obesity and disease risk?


a. body density must be computed or estimated first

b. skinfold thicknesses must be measured first

c. fat and lean tissue weights are differentiated

d. over estimates individuals with above average muscle mass


Answer: d. over estimates individuals with above average muscle mass

Which occurs when running up an incline?

Which occurs when running up an incline?


a. a grater range of motion occurs in the ankle joint

b. a reduced range of motion occurs in the ankle joint

c. reduced force of action of the knee extensors

d. greater viscosity of the knee joint synovial fluid

Answer: a. a greater range of motion occurs int he ankle joint

Which person would most likely experience intrinsic reinforcement?

Which person would most likely experience intrinsic reinforcement?


a. Jane, age 30, who commenced her exercise program 2 weeks ago

b. pete, age 27, who started his resistance training regiment to increase muscle mass one month ago

c. alexis, age 49, who has been swimming for 6 months three times a week, to increase her cardiovascular endurance

d. Anna, age 54, who has a weight loss goal and has been walking three times a week for a month


Answer: c. alexis, age 49, who has been swimming for 6 months three times a week, to increase her cardiovascular endurance

A dietary protein is considered "complete" when it _____.

A dietary protein is considered "complete" when it _____.


a. contains all nonessential amino acids

b. is a plant based

c. contains all essential amino acids

d. contains at least one branded-chin amino acid


Answer: c. contains all essential amino acids

What muscle extends the elbow?

What muscle extends the elbow?


a. supinator teres

b. pronator teres

c. biceps brachii

d. triceps brachii


Answer: d. triceps brachii

A process that entails conveying complete understanding to a client or patient about his or her options to choose to participate in a procedure, test, service, or program is known as a(n)____.

A process that entails conveying complete understanding to a client or patient about his or her options to choose to participate in a procedure, test, service, or program is known as a(n)____.


a. informed consent

b. release or waiver

c. standard of care

d. assurance of instruction


Answer: a. informed consent

Your client has discovered she is pregnant through a home pregnancy test. She wants to continue to exercise during her pregnancy and is seeking your help. What is the best recommendation?

Your client has discovered she is pregnant through a home pregnancy test. She wants to continue to exercise during her pregnancy and is seeking your help. What is the best recommendation?


a. encourage her to continue with her current exercise program with minimal modification until the second trimester

b. decrease the work volume for each workout session

c. encourage her to consult with her physician for any possible limitations

d. encourage her to continue exercising at 50 percent of her age-predicted maximal heart rate


Answer: c. encourage her to consult with her physician for any possible limitations

Immediately following a chest and shoulder workout a 55 year old male executive complains of a "dull ache" in the left side of the chest that is aggravated by respiration. What would you consider is the source of the pain?

Immediately following a chest and shoulder workout a 55 year old male executive complains of a "dull ache" in the left side of the chest that is aggravated by respiration. What would you consider is the source of the pain?


a. cardiac

b. muscular

c. respiratory

d. soreness


Answer: b. muscular

You have a new male client who is 68" (1.73m) tall, 36 years old, weights 194 lbs (88 kg) and is cleared by his physician to begin an exercise program of moderate intensity. Which constitutes a SMART weight loss goal for him?

You have a new male client who is 68" (1.73m) tall, 36 years old, weights 194 lbs (88 kg) and is cleared by his physician to begin an exercise program of moderate intensity. Which constitutes a SMART weight loss goal for him?


a. lose 2 lbs (0.9 kg) per week by swimming 60-90 minutes, three times a week

b. lose 1-2 lbs (0.45-0.9 kg) per week by walking 40 minutes, 5 times a week at 3.8 mph (6.1 km/hr) on the treadmill

c. lose 3-4 lbs (1.4-1.8 kg) per week by bicycling an hour daily around the neighborhood

d. lose 2 lbs (0.9 kg) per week by maintaining a 1200 calorie diet and doing aqua aerobics three times a week


Answer: b. lose 1-2 lbs (0.45-0.9 kg) per week by walking 40 minutes, 5 times a week at 3.8 mph (6.1 km/hr) on the treadmill

According to ACSM guidelines, a _____ client who is beginning a/n _____ is recommended to obtain a medical examination and graded exercise test.

According to ACSM guidelines, a _____ client who is beginning a/n _____ is recommended to obtain a medical examination and graded exercise test.


a. 24 year old, sedentary male; moderate-intensity walking program

b. 62 year old, sedentary and overweight male; moderate-intensity biking program

c. 20 year old female who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day; eight week resistance training class

d. 46 year old female, newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; cycling class


Answer: d. 46 year old female, newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; cycling class

What heart rate changes are observed as a result of chronic aerobic training?

What heart rate changes are observed as a result of chronic aerobic training?


a. submaximal heart rate increases for a standard exercise task, and resting heart rate decrease

b. both submaximal heart rate for a standard exercise task, and resting heart rate decrease

c. resting heart rate decreases but there is no change in submaximal heart rate for a standard exercise task

d. submaximal heart rate decreases for a standard exercise task and resting heart rate increases


Answer: b. both submaximal heart rate for a standard exercise task, and resting heart rate decrease

Decreased muscle masses as a result of the aging process plays a role in _____ and _____.

Decreased muscle masses as a result of the aging process plays a role in _____ and _____.


a. glucose intolerance, declining independence

b. glucose tolerance, balance impairment

c. reduced bone mineral density, improved mobility

d. reduced adiposity, improved independence


Answer: a. glucose intolerance, declining independence

Following a 12 week aerobic conditioning program, an individual running at a submaximal workload would be expected to have a(n) _____ circulating blood lactate level as compared to the value obtained at that same absolute workload prior to the conditioning program.

Following a 12 week aerobic conditioning program, an individual running at a submaximal workload would be expected to have a(n) _____ circulating blood lactate level as compared to the value obtained at that same absolute workload prior to the conditioning program.


a. somewhat higher

b. somewhat lower

c. substantially higher

d. equivalent


Answer: b. somewhat lower

A 50-year-old woman who quit smoking 5 months ago with a BP of 120/90 mm Hg, a BMI of 29 kg/m2, a LDL of 135 mg/dL, and a HDL of 70 mg/dL wants to start an exercise program. How many net positive risk factors does she have?

A 50-year-old woman who quit smoking 5 months ago with a BP of 120/90 mm Hg, a BMI of 29 kg/m2, a LDL of 135 mg/dL, and a HDL of 70 mg/dL wants to start an exercise program. How many net positive risk factors does she have?


a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5


Answer: a. 2

When proctoring the AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire to a new client, you learn that he may need to use a facility with a medically qualified staff or need a physician's referral. What sole aspect of his history would put him in that category?

When proctoring the AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire to a new client, you learn that he may need to use a facility with a medically qualified staff or need a physician's referral. What sole aspect of his history would put him in that category?


a. his blood cholesterol level is 250 mg/dL (6.5 mmol/L)

b. his blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg

c. he experiences chest discomfort with exertion

d. he smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day


Answer: c. he experiences chest discomfort with exertion

What acute cardiovascular responses accompany the transition from sitting to walking?

What acute cardiovascular responses accompany the transition from sitting to walking?


a. increase in heart rate, decrease in stroke volume

b. increase in stroke volume, decrease in systolic blood pressure

c. increase in cardiac output, and arteriovenous oxygen difference

d. increase in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate


Answer: c. increase in cardiac output, and arteriovenous oxygen difference

Cardiovascular adaptations to chronic endurance training include a(n)_____ at a given fixed submaximal exercise intensity.

Cardiovascular adaptations to chronic endurance training include a(n)_____ at a given fixed submaximal exercise intensity.


a. adecrease in stroke volume and heart rate

b. increase in stroke volume and heart rate

c. increase in stroke volume and a decrease in heart rate

d. decrease in stroke volume and increase in heart rate


Answer: c. increase in stroke volume and a decrease in heart rate

When considering the acute responses of arm versus leg exercise, which is true?

When considering the acute responses of arm versus leg exercise, which is true?


a. at the same work load, systolic blood pressure is lower with arm exercise

b. at the same work load, diastolic blood pressure is lower with arm exercise

c. at the peak work load, oxygen consumption is greater with leg exercise


Answer: d. at the peak work load, oxygen consumption is greater with leg exercise

One purpose of the pre-participation health screening is to _____.

One purpose of the pre-participation health screening is to _____.


a. eliminate the risk of a sudden cardiac event during exercise

b. establish a relationship with the client's health care provider

c. identify clients in need of physician clearance

d. diagnose orthopedic conditions


Answer: c. identify clients in need of physician clearance

Overtraining symptoms may include _____.

Overtraining symptoms may include _____.


a. decreased neuromuscular strength

b. increased body weight

c. reduced submaximal heart rates

d. decreased creatine kinase levels in the skeletal muscle


Answer: a. decreased neuromuscular strength

Proper spotting technique for the forward step lunge wen using a barbell involves positioning yourself _____.

Proper spotting technique for the forward step lunge wen using a barbell involves positioning yourself _____.


a. behind the client, placing your hands on their waist if balance starts to become compromised

b. behind the client, placing your hands on the bar if balance starts to become compromised

c. in front of the client, placing your hands on their waist before the client begins the exercise

d. in front of the client, placing your hands on the bar before the client begins the exercise


Answer: a. behind the client, placing your hands on their waist if balance starts to become compromised

What is bradycardia?

What is bradycardia?


a. heart rate less than 60 beats per minute

b. heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute

c. heart rate between 70 and 80 beats per minute

d. heart rate between 90 and 100 beats per minute


Answer: a. heart rate less than 60 beats per minute

Your new client is a 42 year old male who is a stock broker. His health history revealed the following: total cholesterol 185 mg/dL (4.7 mmol/L), HDL 32 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), LDL 110 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L), resting blood pressure 138/80 mm Hg, waist circumference 98 centimeters. Based on the client's initial risk classification, what is the most appropriate suggestion for the client regarding his exercise program?

Your new client is a 42 year old male who is a stock broker. His health history revealed the following: total cholesterol 185 mg/dL (4.7 mmol/L), HDL 32 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), LDL 110 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L), resting blood pressure 138/80 mm Hg, waist circumference 98 centimeters. Based on the client's initial risk classification, what is the most appropriate suggestion for the client regarding his exercise program?


a. begin a low intensity exercise program until medical clearance is obtained

b. begin a vigorous exercise program immediately

c. refrain from all activity until medical clearance is obtained

d. require a maximal graded exercise test prior to starting the exercise program


Answer: b. begin a vigorous exercise program immediately

What is tachycardia?

What is tachycardia?


a. heart rate less than 60 beats per minute

b. heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute

c. heart rate between 70 and 80 beats per minute

d. heart rate between 90 and 100 beats per minute


Answer: b. heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute

What is the order of "normal" electrical conduction of the heart?

What is the order of "normal" electrical conduction of the heart?


a. SA node, AV node, bundle of his, bundle branches, purkinje fibers

b. AV node, SA node, bundle of his, bundle branches, purkinje fibers

c. AV node, bundle of his, bundle branches, purkinje fibers, SA node

d. SA node, AV node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers, bundle branches


Answer: a. SA node, AV node, bundle of his, bundle branches, purkinje fibers

One difference between over-reaching and overtraining is that _____.

One difference between over-reaching and overtraining is that _____.


a. over-reaching is a syndrome commonly seen in athletes involving prolonged periods of fatigue whereas overtraining is a temporary condition of mental stress that may impair performance

b. overtraining may be a planned phase of high-intensity exercise common to elite athletes whereas over-reaching involves a similar phase in novice athletes

c. over-reaching involves poor nutrition and high-intensity exercise whereas overtraining only involves high-intensity exercise and normal nutritional practices

d. overtraining involves a syndrome of prolonged fatigue in athletes whereas over-reaching may be planned, short-term training phase of high-intensity exercise followed by short-term recovery


Answer: d. overtraining involves a syndrome of prolonged fatigue in athletes whereas over-reaching may be planned, short-term training phase of high-intensity exercise followed by short-term recovery

During the initial assessment of your client, you notice her resting heart rate is 46 beats per minute, while asymptomatic and not taking any medication. Based on this information, what best describes the heart rate?

During the initial assessment of your client, you notice her resting heart rate is 46 beats per minute, while asymptomatic and not taking any medication. Based on this information, what best describes the heart rate?


a. regular

b. tachycardia

c. bradycardia

d. normal


Answer: c. bradycardia

A 57 year old sedentary female client who has blood pressure of 150/70mm Hg and a total serum cholesterol of 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L) desires to begin a vigorous intensity exercise program. How should the personal trainer advise the client?

A 57 year old sedentary female client who has blood pressure of 150/70mm Hg and a total serum cholesterol of 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L) desires to begin a vigorous intensity exercise program. How should the personal trainer advise the client?


a. begin a low intensity exercise program until medical clearance is obtained

b. have a maximal graded exercise test completed prior to seeing their physician

c. have a sub-maximal graded exercise test up to 85 percent of predicted heart rate maximum performed by the trainer prior to beginning the exercise program

d. begin the vigorous exercise program immediately


Answer: a. begin a low intensity exercise program until medical clearance is obtained

What is the ACSM recommendation for an effective strength training program for a menopausal client?

What is the ACSM recommendation for an effective strength training program for a menopausal client?


a. 8-10 repetitions per set at 75-80 percent 1 RM for 2-3 major muscle groups

b. 8-10 repetitions per set at 50 percent 1 RM for 12-15 major muscle groups

c. 10-15 repetitions per set of moderate to vigorous intensity for 8-10 major muscle groups

d. 6-10 repetitions per set of light intensity for 6-8 major muscle groups


Answer: c. 10-15 repetitions per set of moderate to vigorous intensity for 8-10 major muscle groups

Which muscles are used to flex the knee joint?

Which muscles are used to flex the knee joint?


a. hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and soleus

b. hamstrings, gracilis, and sartorius

c. rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis

d. biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, and stratorius


Answer: b. hamstrings, gracilis, and sartorius

You determine that a client is over striding when they run. What would be the effect on their running performance due to this mechanical error?

You determine that a client is over striding when they run. What would be the effect on their running performance due to this mechanical error?


a. increase in turnover rate and decrease in running economy

b. increase in energy cost and increase in running economy

c. decreases in energy cost and decrease in braking motion

d. decrease in running economy and increase in braking motion


Answer: d. decrease in running economy and increase in braking motion

Which recommendation is most appropriate for the hypertensive individual training to improve cardio respiratory endurance?

Which recommendation is most appropriate for the hypertensive individual training to improve cardio respiratory endurance?


a. walking at 35 percent VO2 reserve

b. interval training at 95 percent HR reserve

c. swimming at 65 percent VO2 reserve

d. circuit weight training at 55 percent of HR reserve


Answer: c. swimming at 65 percent VO2 reserve

What is the recommendation for daily physical activity for youth?

What is the recommendation for daily physical activity for youth?




a. 30 minutes at low intensity and 30 minutes at moderate intensity

b. 60 minutes at 40-59 percent HRR

c. 30 minutes at moderate intensity and 30 minutes at vigorous intensity

d. 60 minutes at low intensity


Answer: c. 30 minutes at moderate intensity and 30 minutes at vigorous intensity

What is the exercise response to acute cigarette smoking?

What is the exercise response to acute cigarette smoking?


a. respiration rate increases; blood pressure response to exercise decreases

b. likelihood of coronary artery spasm increases; blood pressure response to decrease

c. heart rate increases; likelihood of coronary artery spasm increases

d. likelihood of coronary artery spasm decreases; blood pressure response to exercise increases


Answer: c. heart rate increases; likelihood of coronary artery spasm increases

What are the acute affects of alcohol intake on exercise?

What are the acute affects of alcohol intake on exercise?


a. increases blood pressure and impairs exercise capacity

b. decreases metabolic rate and increases blood pressure

c. promotes dehydration and increases risk of heart arrhythmias

d. increases risk of heart arrhythmias and increases exercise capacity


Answer: c. promotes dehydration and increases risk of heart arrhythmias

When developing an exercise prescription for a client visiting a high altitude environment (over 1500 m), the personal trainer should be aware that _____.

When developing an exercise prescription for a client visiting a high altitude environment (over 1500 m), the personal trainer should be aware that _____.


a. it may take about a week to fully acclimate to the altitude

b. it may take up to two weeks to overcome decreased exercise performance

c. submaximal heart rate would be lower during the exercise session

d. aerobic capacity is reduced due to higher partial pressures of oxygen


Answer: b. it may take up to two weeks to overcome decreased exercise performance

Which of the following practices are NOT recommended for persons with asthma who desire to participate in a strenuous aerobic exercise program?

Which of the following practices are NOT recommended for persons with asthma who desire to participate in a strenuous aerobic exercise program?


a. exercise in an environment with warm, moist air

b. self-administer prescribed medication as directed prior to or during the exercise session

c. use a short, intense warm-up

d. use a scarf or surgical mask in front of the mouth if exercising in cold weather


Answer: c. use a short, intense warm-up

Doris is an 80 year old client who is beginning an exercise program. What is recommended when providing initial stability ball training?

Doris is an 80 year old client who is beginning an exercise program. What is recommended when providing initial stability ball training?


a. teach center of gravity awareness after demonstrating rotation movements

b. place the ball close to a wall during the first few sessions

c. use smooth floor surfaces as opposed to carpet

d. bounce gently on the ball to improve cardiorespiratory endurance


Answer: b. place the ball close to a wall during the first few sessions

What are three non-modifiable conditions that place someone at increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease?

What are three non-modifiable conditions that place someone at increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease?


a. gender, family history, dyslipidemia

b. family history, obesity, diabetes mellitus

c. advanced age, gender, family history

d. post-menopausal status, excessive alcohol consumption, advanced age


Answer: c. advanced age, gender, family history

Which of the following is a limiting factor when using the body mass index (BMI) to determine obesity and disease risk?

Which of the following is a limiting factor when using the body mass index (BMI) to determine obesity and disease risk?


a. body density must be computed or estimated first

b. skinfold thickness must be measured first

c. fat and lean tissue weights are not differentiated

d. underestimates individuals with above average muscle mass


Answer: c. fat and lean tissue weights are not differentiated

What is the correct hand placement when spotting the dumbbell fly exercise?

What is the correct hand placement when spotting the dumbbell fly exercise?


a. close to you clients biceps without touching them

b. close to the dumbbells or wrists of your client without touching them

c. maintaining contact behind your clients elbows on the descent of the dumbbells

d. hands held at your sides in a ready position, with your elbows flexed at a 45 degree angle


Answer: b. close to the dumbbells or wrists of you client without touching them

For the comparison of body mass index (BMI) and plethysmography body composition assessment techniques, which of the following statements is correct?

For the comparison of body mass index (BMI) and plethysmography body composition assessment techniques, which of the following statements is correct?


a. plethysmography is inferior to BMI because of the difficulties associated with determination of lung volume

b. BMI is inferior to plethysmography because it does not account for lean/fat mass in its calculation

c. plethysmography is superior to BMI because it accounts for the hydration state of the client

d. BMI is superior to plethysmography because its standard error of estimate for predicting percent body fat is usually lower


Answer: b. BMI is inferior to plethysmography because it does not account for lean/fat mass in its calculation

As described by the American College of Sports Medicine, proper technique during the push-up test involves _____.

As described by the American College of Sports Medicine, proper technique during the push-up test involves _____.


a timing the number of push-ups performed in two minutes

b. requiring both female and male subjects to use the toes as the pivotal point of movement

c. allowing a slight (20 degree) elbow flexion at the "top" of the movement

d. stopping the test when the subject strains forcibly


Answer: d. stopping the test when the subject strains forcibly

Your client is wearing a heart rate monitor while performing a 1.5 mile run to assess aerobic capacity. During the test, your client reaches 85 percent of her age-predicted heart rate maximum. With this information, you should _____.

Your client is wearing a heart rate monitor while performing a 1.5 mile run to assess aerobic capacity. During the test, your client reaches 85 percent of her age-predicted heart rate maximum. With this information, you should _____.


a. continue the test until she reaches 100 percent of her age-predicted heart rate maximum

b. terminate the test for safety purposes

c. continue the test if there is otherwise no reason to believe that the client has reached aerobic capacity

d. terminate the test if you continue to observe a steady increase in heart rate with increasing workload


Answer: c. continue the test if there is other wise no reason to believe that the client has reached aerobic capacity

Client pre-participation screening procedures should be _____.

Client pre-participation screening procedures should be _____.


a. valid and include fitness testing at the first meeting

b. pre-approved by a physician and cost effective

c. valid, cost effective and time efficient

d. pre-approved by a physician and include fitness testing at the first meeting


Answer: c. valid, cost effective and time efficient

Which of the following structures are important to anterior/posterior postural observation an analysis?

Which of the following structures are important to anterior/posterior postural observation an analysis?


a. vertebral column for scoliosis and scapula for balance

b. glenohumeral joint for balance and elbow/wrist for alignment

c. vertebral column for balance and elbow/wrist for rotation

d. glenohumeral joint for rotation and scapula for balance


Answer: a. vertebral column for scoliosis and scapula for balance

Which of the following screening mechanisms would best optimize safety during exercise testing and aid in the development of a safe and effective exercise prescription?

Which of the following screening mechanisms would best optimize safety during exercise testing and aid in the development of a safe and effective exercise prescription?


a. postural analysis and bone density screening

b. health history screening to determine risk stratification

c. PAR-Q form and prudent goal setting

d. health history screening to identify metabolic syndrome


Answer: b. health history screening to determine risk stratification

What was the purpose of the original Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion?

What was the purpose of the original Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion?


a. to estimate oxygen consumption during exercise

b. to determine the level of fatigue during exercise

c. to estimate systolic and diastolic blood pressure during exercise

d. to estimate subject's immediate intrinsic motivation during exercise


Answer: b. to determine the level of fatigue during exercise

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events when starting the process for exercise prescription for a new client?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events when starting the process for exercise prescription for a new client?


a. obtain a medical history, have the client perform a risk factor assessment, interpret the data, prescribe exercise, give lifestyle counseling

b. obtain a medical history, have the client perform a risk factor assessment, administer fitness tests, interpret the data, prescribe exercise

c. have the client perform a risk factor assessment, obtain a medical history, administer fitness tests, prescribe exercise and interpret the data

d. have the client perform the fitness assessment, obtain a medical history, give lifestyle counseling, interpret the data, prescribe exercise


Answer: b. obtain a medical history, have the client perform a risk factor assessment, administer fitness tests, interpret the data, prescribe exercise

What is the correct spotting technique of the seated barbell shoulder press?

What is the correct spotting technique of the seated barbell shoulder press?


a. keep hands in an alternate grip position on the bar

b. wrap your arms around and underneath your client's arms

c. keep hands underneath your client's elbows and assist only when necessary

d. keep hands in an alternate grip position close to the bar, and assist only when necessary


Answer: d. keep hands in an alternate grip position close to the bar, and assist only when necessary

What is the correct spotting technique for the barbell flat bench press?

What is the correct spotting technique for the barbell flat bench press?


a. keep your hands on the client's elbows

b. keep both hands on the bar at all times

c. keep your hands close to the bar without touching it

d. hands held at your sides in a ready position, with your elbows flexed at a 45 degree angle


Answer: c. keep your hands close to the bar without touch it

Which of the following points should NOT be included in an Informed Consent document regarding fitness testing?

Which of the following points should NOT be included in an Informed Consent document regarding fitness testing?


a. statement hat the patient has been given an opportunity to ask questions about procedures

b. reminder that the clients is free to stop the test at any point

c. warning that death could result from participation

d. identical language for both diagnostic and prescriptive test


Answer: d. identical language for both diagnostic and prescriptive tests

The personal trainer's analysis of posture and body alignment should be made form which of the three different positions?

The personal trainer's analysis of posture and body alignment should be made form which of the three different positions?


a. anterior, posterior, superior

b. line of gravity, laterally from both sides, posterior

c. line of gravity, posterior, superior

d. anterior, posterior, laterally


Answer: d. anterior, posterior, laterally from both sides

What are the most commonly used modes for cardiovascular exercise testing?

What are the most commonly used modes for cardiovascular exercise testing?


a. treadmill, cycle ergometer, and stair climber

b. treadmill, cycle ergometer, and bench stepping

c. treadmill, rowing ergometer, and bench stepping

d. treadmill, cycle ergometer, and rowing ergometer


Answer: b. treadmill, cycle ergometer, and bench stepping

The risk of developing a myocardial infarction increases when there is a family history of myocardial infarction or sudden death before the ages of:

The risk of developing a myocardial infarction increases when there is a family history of myocardial infarction or sudden death before the ages of:


a. 50 years of age in a first-degree female relative; 60 years of age in a first-degree male relative

b. 50 years of age in any male relative; 60 years of age in any female relative

c. 55 years of age in a first-degree male relative; 65 years of age in a first-degree female relative

d. 55 years of age in any male relative; 65 years of age in any female relative


Answer: c. 55 years of age in a first-degree male relative; 65 years of age in a first-degree female relative

What is the standard site for the measurement of the subscapular skinfold?

What is the standard site for the measurement of the subscapular skinfold?


a. directly over the inferior angle of the scapula

b. one centimeter below the inferior angle of the scapula

c. five centimeters below the inferior angle of the scapula

d. five centimeters to the left of the inferior angle of the scapula



Answer: b. one centimeter below the inferior angle of the scapula

What is the initial American College of Sports Medicine risk stratification of a 57 year old female client who has a blood pressure of 150/70 mm Hg and a total serum cholesterol of 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L)?

What is the initial American College of Sports Medicine risk stratification of a 57 year old female client who has a blood pressure of 150/70 mm Hg and a total serum cholesterol of 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L)?


a. no risk

b. low risk

c. moderate risk

d. high risk


Answer: c. moderate risk

The acronym IDEA includes which of the following steps to solve a problem?

The acronym IDEA includes which of the following steps to solve a problem?


a. identifying the client's response

b. developing a list of solutions

c. evaluating the client's response

d. analyzing the consequences


Answer: b. developing a list of solutions

What is the difference between absolute and relative contraindication?

What is the difference between absolute and relative contraindication?


a. relative contraindications are acute where absolute contraindications are chronic

b. absolute contraindications consist of risk/benefit analysis whereas relative contraindications do not

c. absolute contraindications prevent the individual from participating in some testing and participation whereas relative contraindications do not allow any participation in exercise testing or prescription

d. absolute contraindications prevent the individual from any/all exercise testing and prescription whereas relative contraindications allow for some testing and participation


Answer: d. absolute contraindications prevent the individual from any/all exercise testing and prescription whereas relative contraindications allow for some testing and participation

A sedentary 48 year old male with controlled hypertension has hired you to assist him with beginning a marathon training program. Which level of pre-participation screening must a certified Personal Trainer require?

A sedentary 48 year old male with controlled hypertension has hired you to assist him with beginning a marathon training program. Which level of pre-participation screening must a certified Personal Trainer require?


a. medical health history questionnaire only

b. PAR-Q form would be adequate information to begin

c. no screening is needed as he is considered low risk due to his age

d. medical examination performed by his physician before he begins


Answer: d. medical examination performed by his physician before he begins

What does wait to hip ratio assess?

What does wait to hip ratio assess?


a. frame size

b. weight relative to height

c. distribution of body weight

d. the amount of subcutaneous fat


Answer: c. distribution of body weight

Which of the following risk factors for coronary heart disease enables you to subtract one risk factor from the total amount of positive risk factors?

Which of the following risk factors for coronary heart disease enables you to subtract one risk factor from the total amount of positive risk factors?


a. body mass index < 30 kg/m2

b. high serum HDL cholesterol > 60 mg/dL (1.6 mmol/L)

c. fasting blood glucose of < 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L)

d. a former cigarette smoker who stopped more than six months ago


Answer: b. high serum HDL cholesterol > 60 mg/dL (1.6 mmol/L)

What is the appropriate sequence for fitness testing?

What is the appropriate sequence for fitness testing?


a. flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular fitness, body composition

b. cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular fitness, body composition

c. body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular fitness, flexibility

d. body composition, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular fitness


Answer: c. body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular fitness, flexibility

Who should obtain a physician's clearance before starting an exercise program?

Who should obtain a physician's clearance before starting an exercise program?


a. every individual who is beginning an exercise program

b. sedentary individuals who are going to perform vigorous exercise

c. those who are considered low risk and perform only moderate exercise

d. men who are younger than 45 years of age and women who are younger than 55 years of age


Answer: b. sedentary individuals who are going to perform vigorous exercise

Your client is telling you about his progress during the past week. You do not quite understand what the client is trying to convey. You restate what the client just told you and ask him/her if that is correct. Which of the following terms define the communication strategy described in the above scenario?

Your client is telling you about his progress during the past week. You do not quite understand what the client is trying to convey. You restate what the client just told you and ask him/her if that is correct. Which of the following terms define the communication strategy described in the above scenario?


a. advising

b. reflecting

c. probing

d. diverting


Answer: b. reflecting

What is the anatomical reference for the waist circumference measurement?

What is the anatomical reference for the waist circumference measurement?


a. the maximal circumference between the chest to just below the gluteal fold

b. two centimeters below the umbilicus

c. narrowest part of the torso, above the umbilicus, and below the xiphoid process

d. at the level of the umbilicus


Answer: c. narrowest part of the torso, above the umbilicus, and below the xiphoid process

According to ACSM stratification guidelines, Mr. Smith has which of the following coronary artery disease risk factors?

According to ACSM stratification guidelines, Mr. Smith has which of the following coronary artery disease risk factors?


a. hypertension, obesity, high total cholesterol: HDL ratio

b. smoking, probable diabetes, high blood pressure

c. smoking, high total cholesterol, aggressive type A personality

d. Hypertension, high total cholesterol smoking


Answer: d. hypertension, high total cholesterol, smoking

Your new client is a 42 year old male who is a stock broker. His health history revealed the following: total cholesterol 185 mg/dL (4.7 mmol/L) , HDL 32 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), LDL 110 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L), resting blood pressure 138/80 mm Hg, waist circumference 98 centimeters. What is his initial risk stratification?

Your new client is a 42 year old male who is a stock broker. His health history revealed the following: total cholesterol 185 mg/dL (4.7 mmol/L) , HDL 32 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), LDL 110 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L), resting blood pressure 138/80 mm Hg, waist circumference 98 centimeters. What is his initial risk stratification?


a. low risk

b. moderate risk

c. high risk

d. only a physician can determine this clients risk stratification


Answer: a. low risk

Stimulus control as a behavioral strategy to enhance exercise adherence can best be described

Stimulus control as a behavioral strategy to enhance exercise adherence can best be described


a. utilizing environmental cues to remind participants to maintain their commitment to exercise

b. establishing realistic expectations and avoiding overly pessimistic or optimistic expectations

c. developing a behavioral contract, signed by the participant that formalizes their commitment to exercise

d. orienting participants to the advantages and disadvantages of exercise


Answer: a. utilizing the environmental cues to remind participants to maintain their commitment to exercise

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the warm-up and cool-down components of the exercise training session?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the warm-up and cool-down components of the exercise training session?


a. warm-up should last twice as long as cool-down

b. cool-down should approximate an intensity that is between 40 and 60 percent of VO2R

c. warm-up need not involve cardiorespiratory activity if the conditioning phase of the exercise session involves resistance training

d. cool-down during the exercise session can be eliminated if at least 10 minutes of stretching is performed instead


Answer: a. cool-down should approximate an intensity that is between 40 to 60 percent of VO2R

When discussing strategies for changing physical activity habits with clients, it is usually best to:

When discussing strategies for changing physical activity habits with clients, it is usually best to:


a. give strong and clear advice about what works based on your professional experience

b. assist clients to formulate their own behavior change strategies based on what has worked for them before

c. refer clients to a behavioral psychologist for expert advice

d. emphasize knowledge of the health benefits of exercise


Answer: b. assist clients to formulate their own behavior chance strategies based on what has worded for them before

Case study: Your new client is a 38 year old female that wants to be able to participate in a 3 day charity walk. Her ultimate goal is to gradually improve her cardiovascular fitness. Which of the following exercise programs should you initially prescribe to best meet your client's needs?

Case study: Your new client is a 38 year old female that wants to be able to participate in a 3 day charity walk. Her ultimate goal is to gradually improve her cardiovascular fitness. Which of the following exercise programs should you initially prescribe to best meet your client's needs?


a. 3-5 days a week, 20-60 minutes in duration 40-85 percent HRR

b. 3-5 days a week, progressing from 1-3 hours in duration, 60-85 percent HRR

c. 5-7 days a week, 20-60 minutes duration, 35-50 percent HRR

d. 5-7 days a week, progressing from 1-3 hours in duration, 35-50 percent


Answer: a. 3-5 days a week, 20-60 minutes in duration 40-85 percent HRR

Which of the following factors affect intensity of lower body plyometric drills?

Which of the following factors affect intensity of lower body plyometric drills?


a. speed, height of the drill, and body weight

b. speed, range of motion, and reaction time

c. strength of the athlete, points of contact, and flexibility

d. strength of the athlete, height of the drill, and reaction time


Answer: a. speed, height of the drill, and body weight

With respect to the exercise prescription for children (defined as < 13 years), it can be said that _____.

With respect to the exercise prescription for children (defined as < 13 years), it can be said that _____.


a. adult guidelines for resistance training can generally be applied

b. treadmill exercise is not a suitable mode of testing

c. exercise should be limited to 3-4 d*wk-1

d. vigorous activity should be avoided in this population


a. adult guidelines for resistance training can generally be applied

Which of the following indicates the correct order for a traditional periodization program for resistance training?

Which of the following indicates the correct order for a traditional periodization program for resistance training?


a. hypertrophy, peaking, streath/power, recovery

b. strength/power, peaking, recovery, hypertrophy

c. strength/power, hypertrophy, recovery, peaking

d. hypertrophy, strength/power, peaking, recovery


Answer: d. hypertrophy, strength/power, peaking, recovery

General guidelines to follow when prescribing resistance training exercise to the client with arthritis include which of the following?

General guidelines to follow when prescribing resistance training exercise to the client with arthritis include which of the following?


a. regimens with a frequency of 2-3 days per week

b. intensities that never exceed body weight

c. regimens with a frequency of no more than once per week

d. machine (as opposed to free weight) modes only


Answer: a. regimens with a frequency of 2-3 days per week

An individual participates regularly in his workplace fitness program because he earns a discount on his health insurance premium for doing so. For this individual, the discount is an example of _____?

An individual participates regularly in his workplace fitness program because he earns a discount on his health insurance premium for doing so. For this individual, the discount is an example of _____?


a. relapse prevention

b. intrinsic motivation

c. self-monitoring

d. extrinsic motivation


Answer: d. extrinsic motivation

You gradually increase her sets and load/intensity. In addition, you have included sprints and long distance swimming in her overall program plan. Which of the following training principles have you incorporated?

You gradually increase her sets and load/intensity. In addition, you have included sprints and long distance swimming in her overall program plan. Which of the following training principles have you incorporated?


a. specificity, reversibility and variation

b. overload, adaptability and strength

c. specificity, overload and variation

d. overload, strength and specificity


Answer: c. specificity, overload and variation

An exercise prescription for your pregnant client should include _____?

An exercise prescription for your pregnant client should include _____?


a. exercise occurring no more than three times per week

b. avoidance of moderate intensity resistance training

c. dynamic, rhythmic activities that use the large muscle groups

d. team sports such as basketball, soccor, and racquet sports


Answer: c. dynamic, rhythmic activities that use the large muscle groups

A client who wants to strengthen muscles of the chest must perform exercises such as the bench press and dumbbell flys as opposed to lat pull down and dumbbell rows. Which of the following principles of training best describes this principle?

A client who wants to strengthen muscles of the chest must perform exercises such as the bench press and dumbbell flys as opposed to lat pull down and dumbbell rows. Which of the following principles of training best describes this principle?


a. overload

b. specificity

c. progression

d. goal setting


Answer: b. specificity

Which of the following statements is true regarding exercise for the prepubescent child?

Which of the following statements is true regarding exercise for the prepubescent child?


a. children are less tolerant of heat because of a higher threshold for sweating

b. since children are anatomically immature, they should not participate in any form of resistance training exercise

c. because of the lack of development of the epiphyseal growth plates, children should not participate in any form of endurance training

d. both b and c are true


Answer: a. children are less tolerant of heat because of a higher threshold for sweating

As the percentage of 1 RM (Repetition Maximum) resistance increases:

As the percentage of 1 RM (Repetition Maximum) resistance increases:


a. the amount of rest you should allow between training days should increase

b. the number of sets performed should increase

c. the number of repetitions until fatigue decreases

d. the amount of rest you should allow between sets should increase


Answer: c. the number of repetitions until fatigue decreases

Which of the following exercises works best in isolating the soleus muscle?

Which of the following exercises works best in isolating the soleus muscle?


a. standing heel raise

b. seated ankle extensions with the knees straight

c. seated heel raises with bent (flexed) knees

d. half squats with external rotation of the hip joint


Answer: c. seated heel raises with bent (flexed) knees

You are working as a certified Personal Trainer, and have a client who recently confided to you that she is getting divorced. She admits to you that her exercise routine has suffered as a result of the increased stress. Which of the following actions is most appropriate for you to take?

You are working as a certified Personal Trainer, and have a client who recently confided to you that she is getting divorced. She admits to you that her exercise routine has suffered as a result of the increased stress. Which of the following actions is most appropriate for you to take?


a. recommend that she increase the duration of her sessions scheduled with you as a way to cope with this stressful situation

b. recommend that she seek a mental health professional who can help her manage the increased stress

c. make a future appointment with her to discuss the divorce

d. recommend that she increase the number of sessions scheduled with you as a way to cope with this stressful situation


Answer: b. recommended that she seek a mental health professional who can help her manage the increased stress

Which of the following is the formula for calculating the heart rate reserve?

Which of the following is the formula for calculating the heart rate reserve?


a. 220, minus the age of the client

b. 220, minus the resting heart rate

c. client's maximum heart rate, minus tier resting heart rate

d. client's maximum heat rate, minus their age


Answer: c. client's maximum heart rate, minus their resting heart rate

The Valsalva maneuver may elicit which of the following physiological responses during the concentric phase of a resistance training repetition?

The Valsalva maneuver may elicit which of the following physiological responses during the concentric phase of a resistance training repetition?


a. increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased heart rate

b. decreased systolic blood pressure and increased heart rate

c. increased intrathoracic pressure and increased systolic blood pressure

d. decreased heart rate and increased systolic blood pressure


Answer: c. increased intrathoracic pressure and increased systolic blood pressure

Which of the following correctly describes the technique used in PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation)?

Which of the following correctly describes the technique used in PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation)?


a. passively moving the muscle in dynamic motion to increase flexibility

b. a contract-relax sequence to relax the muscle stretch reflex mechanism

c. using muscle contraction of the extensors followed by muscle contraction of the flexors

d. the required period of exercise for eliciting adaptation


Answer: b. a contract-relax sequence to relax the muscle stretch reflex mechanism

Which of the following describes a Valsalva maneuver performed during a free weight biceps curl?

Which of the following describes a Valsalva maneuver performed during a free weight biceps curl?


a. a normal part of the concentric phase of the exercise

b. inspiration of air through an open glottis

c. a normal part of the eccentric phase of the exercise

d. expiration of air against a closed glottis


Answer: d. expiration of air against a closed glottis

The ACSM recommended exercise prescription for developing and maintaining muscular strength and endurance for health and fitness includes a minimum of:

The ACSM recommended exercise prescription for developing and maintaining muscular strength and endurance for health and fitness includes a minimum of:


a. 1 set of 8-12 repetitions using 8-10 exercises that train the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body

b. 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions using 80 percent of the 1 repetition maximum (RM) for exercises that train the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body

c. 2-3 sets of 8-15 repetitions alternating days between upper and lower body exercises

d. 1-2 sets of 8-15 repetitions using 50-85 percent of the 1 repetition maximum (RM) for exercises that train the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body


Answer: a. 1 set of 8-12 repetitions using 8-10 exercises that train the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body

Case study: A new client who has been resistance training for 6 months, comes to you with a goal of increasing muscular size. Following health appraisal and fitness testing including a modified 1 RM test, you design a program to meet the client's goal. Which of the following regimens best defines an appropriate plan to achieve this client's goal?

Case study: A new client who has been resistance training for 6 months, comes to you with a goal of increasing muscular size. Following health appraisal and fitness testing including a modified 1 RM test, you design a program to meet the client's goal. Which of the following regimens best defines an appropriate plan to achieve this client's goal?


a. 4-6 sets of 6-12 repetitions at 85 percent of 1 RM

b. 1-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions at 75 percent of 1 RM

c. 4-6 sets of 10-15 repetitions at 60 percent of 1 RM

d. 1-3 sets of 6-12 repetitions at 60 percent of 1 RM


Answer: a. 4-6 sets of 6-12 repetitions at 85 percent 1 RM

An appropriate exercise to develop muscle endurance for the _____ is _____.

An appropriate exercise to develop muscle endurance for the _____ is _____.


a. quadriceps; one set of 15 knee flexions at low resistance

b. triceps; one set of 15 repetitions of wrist curls at low resistance

c. wrist flexors; one set of 15 repetitions of wrist curls at low resistance

d. hip abductors; one set of 15 repetitions of half-squats at low resistance


Answer: c. wrist flexors; one set of 15 repetitions of wrist curls at low resistance

A 45 year old male weights 202 lbs (92 kg). Skinfold analysis indicates 24 percent of his weight is fat. If he wants to decrease his body fat to 17 percent, what is his target body weight, assuming he maintains the same lean body mass?

A 45 year old male weights 202 lbs (92 kg). Skinfold analysis indicates 24 percent of his weight is fat. If he wants to decrease his body fat to 17 percent, what is his target body weight, assuming he maintains the same lean body mass?


a. 168 lbs (76 kg)

b. 178 lbs (81 kg)

c. 185 lbs (84 kg)

d. 195 lbs (89 kg)


Answer: c. 185 lbs (84 kg)

Which of the following exercise program variables describes a change in intensity?

Which of the following exercise program variables describes a change in intensity?


a. changing activity from treadmill to stair-stepper

b. increasing a treadmill incline by five degrees

c. increasing the number of workout days from two to three per week

d. increasing treadmill running time from 20 to 30 minutes


Answer: b. increasing a treadmill incline by five degrees

What is the result of resistance training in adolescents?

What is the result of resistance training in adolescents?


a. it promotes muscular strength

b. it increases muscular bulk

c. it increases the risk of osteoporosis

d. it causes permanent musculoskeletal damage


Answer: a. it promotes muscular strength

Together, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend that every US adult should accumulate ____ minutes or more of moderate- intensity physical activity on most, preferably all days of the week.

Together, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend that every US adult should accumulate ____ minutes or more of moderate- intensity physical activity on most, preferably all days of the week.


a. 15

b. 20

c. 30

d. 60


Answer: c. 30

What happens to the muscle during isometric tension development?

What happens to the muscle during isometric tension development?


a. shortening of the muscle

b. lengthening of the muscle

c. no change in the length of the muscle

d. relaxation of the muscle


Answer: c. no change in the length of the muscle

What are the FITTE Factors?

What are the FITTE Factors?



a. frequency, injury, time, type, enjoyment

b. frequency, intensity, total, type, exercise

c. frequency, intensity, total, type, equipment

d. frequency, intensity, time, type, enjoyment


Answer: d. frequency, intensity, time, type, enjoyment

Why is a cool-down period important?

Why is a cool-down period important?


a. prevents heat stroke

b. helps prevent injuries

c. reduces brain blood flow back to normal

d. returns pooled blood back to central circulation


Answer: d. returns pooled blood back to central circulation

A 35 year-old male client has a goal of completing a spring distance triathlon. The certified Personal Trainer prescribes an exercise regimen of swimming 2 days per week, running 3 days per week, and bicycling 2 days per week. What training principle is being used?

A 35 year-old male client has a goal of completing a spring distance triathlon. The certified Personal Trainer prescribes an exercise regimen of swimming 2 days per week, running 3 days per week, and bicycling 2 days per week. What training principle is being used?


a. reversibility

b. overload

c. progression

d. specificity


Answer: d. specificity

What does it mean if a specific activity is contraindicated?

What does it mean if a specific activity is contraindicated?


a. perform less-intensively than normal

b. do not perform it as often

c. perform it slower than normal

d. do not perform at all


Answer: d. do not perform at all

What is the suggested order of an exercise session?

What is the suggested order of an exercise session?


a. stretch, warm-up, endurance phase, cool-down

b. warm-up, endurance phase, cool-down, stretch

c. stretch, endurance phase, warm-up, cool-down

d. warm-up, endurance phase, stretch, cool-down


Answer: b. warm-up, endurance phase, cool-down, stretch

What is a function of the hamstring muscles?

What is a function of the hamstring muscles?




a. hip flexors

b. hip extensors

c. plantar flexors

d. knee extensors


Answer: b. hip extensors

Which of the following indicates the reason why a female who is pregnant should avoid exercise in the supine position after the first trimester?

Which of the following indicates the reason why a female who is pregnant should avoid exercise in the supine position after the first trimester?


a. obstruction of arterial blood flow

b. risk of orthostatic hypotension due to obstruction venous return

c. obstruction of the diaphragm

d. risk of decreased oxygen consumption due to pressure on the uterus


Answer: b. risk of orthostatic hypotension due to obstructed venous return

What is the formula to determine 60 percent of heart rate reserve?

What is the formula to determine 60 percent of heart rate reserve?


a. 220 - age x 60 percent

b. maximum heart rate x 60 percent

c. maximum heart rate - resting heart rate x 60 percent

d. maximum heart rate - resting heart rate x 60 percent + resting heart rate


Answer: d. maximum heart rate - resting heart rate x 60 percent + resting heart rate

As a response to progressive resistance training program, which of the following demonstrates the predominant contribution to an increase in cross-sectional area of a muscle?

As a response to progressive resistance training program, which of the following demonstrates the predominant contribution to an increase in cross-sectional area of a muscle?


a. atrophy and possibly hypertrophy

b. hyperplasia and possibly hypertrophy

c. atrophy and possibly hyperplasia

d. hypertrophy and possibly hyperplasia


Answer: d. hypertrophy and possibly hyperplasia

What is the intensity recommendation for the initial conditioning stage of a cardiovascular program?

What is the intensity recommendation for the initial conditioning stage of a cardiovascular program?


a. 10 percent to 20 percent of heart rate reserve

b. 20 percent to 30 percent of heart rate reserve

c. 40 percent to 60 percent of heart rate reserve

d. 60 percent to 85 percent of heart rate reserve


Answer: c. 40 percent to 60 percent of heart rate reserve
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