Many of the major health organizations of the US recommend a minimum of ______ minutes of physical activities on most days of the week to achieve significant health benefits and protection from chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease.

Many of the major health organizations of the US recommend a minimum of ______ minutes of physical activities on most days of the week to achieve significant health benefits and protection from chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease. 

A) 30
B) 60
C) 10
D) 90



Answer: A

The cells of the blood that are often referred to as "white blood cells" are

The cells of the blood that are often referred to as "white blood cells" are

A) Platelets
B) Erythrocytes
C) Plasma Cells
D) Leukocytes





Answer: D

The reason that men have higher hematocrit and hemoglobin levels than women is

The reason that men have higher hematocrit and hemoglobin levels than women is 

A) Men produce more testosterone than women
B) Men have greater muscle mass than women.
C) Unlike men, women experience menstrual blood loss
D) Men generally train harder than women



Answer: A

Which of the following statements regarding blood pressure and resistance exercises is correct?

Which of the following statements regarding blood pressure and resistance exercises is correct?

A) People with even mild cardiovascular disease should never perform resistance exercises.
B) Blood pressure elevations are highest during isometric muscular actions
C) Blood pressure elevations during resistance exercises are independent of the muscle mass involved.
D) Typically, blood pressure elevations seen during maximal resistance exercise are less than those observed during maximal aerobic exercises.

Answer: B

During aerobic exercise, which of the following responses would not be normal?

During aerobic exercise, which of the following responses would not be normal?

A) Increased systolic blood pressure
B) Increased pulse pressure
C) Increased mean arterial pressure
D) Increased diastolic blood pressure





Answer: D

The process of vasoconstriction and vasodilation, which regulate blood flow to a given muscle mass, occur at the

The process of vasoconstriction and vasodilation, which regulate blood flow to a given muscle mass, occur at the 

A) Arteries
B) Arterioles
C) Venules
D) Veins



Answer: B

The exchange of gases between the blood and the surrounding tissue (e.g. muscle) takes place at these vessels

The exchange of gases between the blood and the surrounding tissue (e.g. muscle) takes place at these vessels

A) Arteries
B) Arterioles
C) Capillaries
D) Veins

Answer: C

Compared with running, swimming will result in ______________, even if exercise intensity is the same.

Compared with running, swimming will result in ______________, even if exercise intensity is the same.

A) A higher heart rate
B) A lower heart rate
C) A lower cardiac output
D) A higher cardiac output





Answer: B

While performing a running workout of submaximal intensity, which of the following responses would be expected to occur

While performing a running workout of submaximal intensity, which of the following responses would be expected to occur

A) Increase in end-diastolic volume
B) Decrease in end-diastolic volume
C) Decrease in ejection fraction
D) Decrease in cardiac output



Answer: A

Which of the following expectations would not be expected to occur as a result of long-term aerobic training?

Which of the following expectations would not be expected to occur as a result of long-term aerobic training?

A) Decrease in resting heart rate
B) Increase in resting stroke volume
C) Increase in resting cardiac output
D) Increase in maximal heart rate



Answer: C

During maximum intensity aerobic exercise, cardiac output increases by _______ in an untrained individual.

During maximum intensity aerobic exercise, cardiac output increases by _______ in an untrained individual.

A) 50%
B) 2-fold
C) 5 to 6-fold
D) 10 to 12-fold


Answer: C

The Frank-Starling mechanism plays a vital role in determining

The Frank-Starling mechanism plays a vital role in determining

A) End-diastolic volume
B) Stroke volume
C) Heart rate
D) Myocardial oxygen consumption





Answer: B

The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute is the

The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute is the 

A) Stoke volume
B) Heart Rate
C) Cardiac Output
D) End-diastolic volume




Answer: C

Under resting conditions, stroke volume in a typical male is about

Under resting conditions, stroke volume in a typical male is about

A) 70 mL
B) 40 mL
C) 100 mL
D) 120 mL




Answer: A

During maximum intensity exercise, minute ventilation can increase by

During maximum intensity exercise, minute ventilation can increase by

A) 50%
B) 100%
C) 5-fold
D) 20-25 fold



Answer: D

Within the pulmonary system, the actual exchange of gasses with the blood occurs at the

Within the pulmonary system, the actual exchange of gasses with the blood occurs at the 

A) Trachea
B) Bronchi
C) Alveoli
D) Bronchioles



Answer: C

Both resistance training and endurance training result in which of the following conversion types?

Both resistance training and endurance training result in which of the following conversion types?

A) Type II--> Type I
B) Type I --> Type II
C) Type IIX --> Type IIA
D) Type IIA --> Type IIX



Answer: C

A single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates is called a

A single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates is called a 

A) Muscle unit
B) Motor unit
C) Facile
D) Sarcomere



Answer: B

The capacity of endurance training to increase the amount of ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation is owing to

The capacity of endurance training to increase the amount of ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation is owing to 

A) Increased mitochondrial content
B) Increased fiber size
C) Increased size of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
D) Decreased Capillary




Answer: A

The ATPase that is used to produce a muscle fiber twitch by way of sliding filaments is found

The ATPase that is used to produce a muscle fiber twitch by way of sliding filaments is found 

A) On Actin
B) On Myosin cross-bridge heads
C) Within the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
D) Within the Nuclei

Answer: B

During long duration exercise of submaximal intensity (e.g. marathon running), which type of muscles are primarily recruited?

During long duration exercise of submaximal intensity (e.g. marathon running), which type of muscles are primarily recruited?

A) Type I
B) Type IIA
C) Type IIX
D) Type IIB





Answer: A

Within a skeletal muscle fiber, large amounts of calcium are stored in the

Within a skeletal muscle fiber, large amounts of calcium are stored in the

A) Nuclei
B) Mitochondria
C) Myosin
D) Sarcoplasmic Reticulum



Answer: D

The primary advantage to which bioenergetic pathway is that it can produce large amounts of ATP to sustain prolonged exercise, without producing fatiguing by-products?

The primary advantage to which bioenergetic pathway is that it can produce large amounts of ATP to sustain prolonged exercise, without producing fatiguing by-products?

A) Oxidative
B) Nonoxidative
C) Anaerobic
D) Phosphagen




Answer: A

Which bioenergetic pathway is sometimes called the anaerobic pathway?

Which bioenergetic pathway is sometimes called the anaerobic pathway?

A) Phosphagen
B) Oxidative
C) Nonoxidative
D) Aerobic




Answer: C

The immediate source of energy for all cellular activity, including the contraction of muscle fibers is

The immediate source of energy for all cellular activity, including the contraction of muscle fibers is 

A) Phosphocreatine (PCr)
B) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
C) Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
D) Glucose




Answer: B

The rear-foot motion called pronation results from a combination of

The rear-foot motion called pronation results from a combination of 

A) Abduction, eversion, and plantarflexion
B) Adduction, inversion, and plantarflexion
C) Abduction, eversion, and dorsiflexion
D) Adduction, inversion, and dorsiflexion




Answer: D

Which of the following is characteristic of running versus walking?

Which of the following is characteristic of running versus walking?

A) Less vigorous arm action
B) Decreased strike length
C) Period of nonsupport
D) Period of double-support




Answer: C

Which of the following muscle groups is most likely weak when slapping the foot during heel strike and increased knee and hip flexion during swing are observed?

Which of the following muscle groups is most likely weak when slapping the foot during heel strike and increased knee and hip flexion during swing are observed? 

A) Gluteus medius and minimus
B) Quadriceps femoris
C) Plantarflexors
D) Dorsiflexors



Answer: D

Which of the following is a characteristic of a second class lever?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a second class lever?

A) Axis is located between the effort force and the resistance
B) Resistance is located between the effort force and the axis
C) Effort force is located between the resistance and the axis
D) Force arm may be greater than, or equal to the resistance arm





Answer: B

What type of motion occurs when a force is applied off center to a freely movable object?

What type of motion occurs when a force is applied off center to a freely movable object?

A) Rotary
B) Translatory
C) Angular
D) Transverse




Answer: A

Which type of musculoskeletal lever is most common?

Which type of musculoskeletal lever is most common?

A) First-class
B) Second-class
C) Third-class
D) Fourth-class




Answer: C

Which of the following will increase stability?

Which of the following will increase stability?

A) Lowering the center of gravity
B) Raising the center of gravity
C) Decreasing the base of support
D) Moving the center of gravity farther from the edge of the base of support





Answer: A

The intervertebral disks have which of the following characteristics?

The intervertebral disks have which of the following characteristics?

A) Calcified outer ring
B) Gelatinous inner nucleus portion
C) Gray matter surrounding the neural bodies
D) Actin and myosin protein

Answer: B

In regard to lifting and proper body mechanics, what position is described when the knees are slightly flexed and the body is bent forward from the hips with the back remaining straight and the chest and head up?

In regard to lifting and proper body mechanics, what position is described when the knees are slightly flexed and the body is bent forward from the hips with the back remaining straight and the chest and head up?

A) Ready Position
B) Power Position
C) Center of Gravity Position
D) Base of support position




Answer: B

Which of the following bones articulates proximally with the sternal manubrium and distally with the scapula and is helpful to palpate in electrode placement?

Which of the following bones articulates proximally with the sternal manubrium and distally with the scapula and is helpful to palpate in electrode placement?

A) Scapula
B) Sternum
C) Clavicle
D) Twelfth rib




Answer: C

Who first described that a body immersed in fluid is buoyed up with force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid?

Who first described that a body immersed in fluid is buoyed up with force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid?

A) Einstein
B) Freud
C) Whitehead
D) Archimedes

Answer: D

Why does running require greater muscular strength than walking?

Why does running require greater muscular strength than walking?

A) Because of the absence of the double support period
B) Because of the greater joint angles at the extremes of movement
C) Because of the greater forward incline that occurs during running
D) Because of the greater number of muscles contracting more rapidly and with greater force.

Answer: D

Which of the following most accurately represents the law of inertia?

Which of the following most accurately represents the law of inertia?

A) A body at rest tends to stay at rest, a body at motion tends to stay in motion with consistent speed and in the same direction unless acted on by an outside force.
B) The velocity of a body is changed only when acted on by an additional force.
C) The driving force of the body is doubled and the rate of acceleration is also doubled.
D) The production of any force will create another force that will be opposite and equal to the first force.





Answer: A

Which blood vessel is composed of one cell layer and functions to exchange nutrients and waste materials between blood and tissues?

Which blood vessel is composed of one cell layer and functions to exchange nutrients and waste materials between blood and tissues?

A) Capillary
B) Arteriole
C) Venule
D) Vein

Answer: A

Blood flows from the peripheral anatomy to the heart through the superior and inferior venae cavae into which of the following chambers?

Blood flows from the peripheral anatomy to the heart through the superior and inferior venae cavae into which of the following chambers? 

A) Right Atrium
B) Left Atrium
C) Right Ventricle
D) Left Ventricle



Answer: B

Which of the following is the most common site used for measurement of the pulse during exercise?

Which of the following is the most common site used for measurement of the pulse during exercise?

A) Popliteal
B) Femoral
C) Radial
D) Dorsalis Pedis




Answer: C

Which of the following is a standard site for the measurement of circumferences?

Which of the following is a standard site for the measurement of circumferences?

A) Abdomen
B) Neck
C) Wrist
D) Ankle




Answer: A

Which of the following is a standard site for the measurement of skinfolds?

Which of the following is a standard site for the measurement of skinfolds?

A) Medial Thigh
B) Biceps
C) Infriliac
D) Forearm




Answer: B

Which of the following describes the ability of a force to cause rotation of a lever?

Which of the following describes the ability of a force to cause rotation of a lever?

A) Center of Gravity
B) Base of Support
C) Torque
D) Stability




Answer: C

Which of the following is considered to be a "ball and socket" joint?

Which of the following is considered to be a "ball and socket" joint?

A) Ankle
B) Elbow
C) Knee
D) Hip



Answer: D

Which of the following is considered an abnormal curve of the spine with lateral deviation of the vertebral column in the frontal plane?

Which of the following is considered an abnormal curve of the spine with lateral deviation of the vertebral column in the frontal plane?

A) Lordosis
B) Scoliosis
C) Kyphosis
D) Primary Curve




Answer: B

Through which valve in the heart does blood flow when moving from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

Through which valve in the heart does blood flow when moving from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

A) Bicuspid Valve
B) Tricuspid Valve
C) Pulmonic Valve
D) Aortic Valve



Answer: B

Cartilage is Categorized as which of the following types of tissue?

Cartilage is Categorized as which of the following types of tissue?

A) Loose
B) Dense
C) Fluid
D) Supporting





Answer: D

A baseball pitcher complains of weakness in the lateral motion of the shoulder. WHich of the following muscles would you advise him to strengthen?

A baseball pitcher complains of weakness in the lateral motion of the shoulder. WHich of the following muscles would you advise him to strengthen?

A) Subscapularis
B) Teres Major
C) Latissimus Dorsi
D) Teres Minor





Answer: D

Which of the following muscle groups is a prime mover for extension of the knee?

Which of the following muscle groups is a prime mover for extension of the knee?

A) Biceps Femori
B) Biceps Brachii
C) Quadriceps Femoris
D) Gastrocnemius




Answer: C

Which of the following movements decreases the joint angle and occurs in a sagittal plane around a mediolateral axis?

Which of the following movements decreases the joint angle and occurs in a sagittal plane around a mediolateral axis?

A) Circumduction
B) Rotation
C) Flexion
D) Extension




Answer: C

Which type of bone consists of a central cylindrical shaft, or diaphysis, and has an epiphysis at each end?

Which type of bone consists of a central cylindrical shaft, or diaphysis, and has an epiphysis at each end?

A) Short Bone
B) Long Bone
C) Flat Bone
D) Irregular Bone



Answer: B

Which of the following is as contractile protein in skeletal muscle?

Which of the following is as contractile protein in skeletal muscle?

A) Myosin
B) Fascicle
C) Myofribril
D) Muscle Fiber



Answer: A

Producing red blood cells, protecting organs and tissues, and providing support for the body are all functions of what tissue?

Producing red blood cells, protecting organs and tissues, and providing support for the body are all functions of what tissue?

A) Collagen
B) Muscle
C) Tendon
D) Bones




Answer: D

The maintenance of an open airway during esophageal distention is provided by what structure?

The maintenance of an open airway during esophageal distention is provided by what structure?

A) Trachea
B) Pharynx
C) Larynx
D) Epiglottis





Answer: A

Under which of the following circumstances would you expect to see the highest rise in blood lactate?

Under which of the following circumstances would you expect to see the highest rise in blood lactate?

a. during maximal exercise lasting between 60 and 180 seconds in the untrained client

b. prior to treadmill walking in the cardiac patient

c. during maximal exercise lasting between 60 and 180 seconds in the athlete

d. after moderate intensity cycling exercise in the client with Type 2 diabetes

Answer: C

What health-related physical fitness component is primarily emphasized in a circuit training program that has 30 stations, 60 seconds per station, at 25 percent of one repetition maximum?

What health-related physical fitness component is primarily emphasized in a circuit training program that has 30 stations, 60 seconds per station, at 25 percent of one repetition maximum?

a. muscular strength

b. muscular flexibility

c. muscular endurance

d. muscular power

Answer: C

Which energy system has the highest capacity for ATP production?

Which energy system has the highest capacity for ATP production?

a. ATP-CP

b. rapic glycolysis

c. slow glycolysis

d. oxidative phosphorylation

Answer: D

Which of the following is characterized as a plane (uniaxial) joint?

Which of the following is characterized as a plane (uniaxial) joint?

a. coxal (hip)

b. atlantooccipital

c. radiocarpal (wrist)

d. sacroiliac

Answer: D

What plane divides the body into upper and lower sections?

What plane divides the body into upper and lower sections?

a. sagittal

b. frontal

c. transverse

d. median

Answer: C

When should a client exhale during a performance of a bench press?

When should a client exhale during a performance of a bench press?

a. only after the movement ends

b. immediately before the movement begins

c. during the eccentric phase of the movement

d. during the concentric phase of the movement

Answer: D

Which rotator cuff muscle abducts the arm?

Which rotator cuff muscle abducts the arm?

a. infraspinatus

b supraspinatus

c. subscapularis

d. medial deltoid

Answer: B

What is appropriate precaution and/or modification for exercising in higher ambient temperatures?

What is appropriate precaution and/or modification for exercising in higher ambient temperatures?

a. take salt tablets

b. drink eight ounces of water once per hour

c. select proper loose fitting, lightweight clothing

d. train in clothes designed t o trap and hold body heat.

Answer: C

Typical movements in the weight room such as biceps curl using free weights and leg press actions using a machine are best described as ______ muscle actions.

Typical movements in the weight room such as biceps curl using free weights and leg press actions using a machine are best described as ______ muscle actions.

a. plyometric

b. isokinetic

c. ballistic

d. isotonic

Answer: D

Which of the following is also known as the Trunk Flexion Test?

Which of the following is also known as the Trunk Flexion Test?

a. sit-and-reach test

b. curl-up test for muscular endurance

c. sit-up test for muscular endurance

d. any test that requires clients to touch their toes

Answer: A

Which of the following best describes the symptoms that occur at 24-48 hours after a single bout of intensive exercise?

Which of the following best describes the symptoms that occur at 24-48 hours after a single bout of intensive exercise?

a. delayed onset muscle strain

b. acute onset muscle strain

c. delayed onset muscle soreness

d. acute onset muscle soreness

Answer: C

Which of the following is a result of chronic aerobic training?

Which of the following is a result of chronic aerobic training?

a. increased lipid production

b. decreased plasma triglyceride levels

c. decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels

d. increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels

Answer: B

Type II muscle fibers:

Type II muscle fibers:

a. have a high capacity to generate energy through the electron transport system

b. have a high capacity to generate energy from fat

c. are recruited at a higher percentage of maximum force than Type I fibers

d. have high endurance capabilities

Answer: C

Which of the following joints has the greatest range of motion, and involves the greatest number of movements?

Which of the following joints has the greatest range of motion, and involves the greatest number of movements?

a. knee joint

b. shoulder joint

c. hip joint

d. ankle joint

Answer: B

If you are palpating the thumb side of the forearm in the wrist area, what pulse are you checking?

If you are palpating the thumb side of the forearm in the wrist area, what pulse are you checking?

a. humeral

b. ulnar

c. brachial

d. radial

Answer: D

What is the major muscle used to flex the hip join?

What is the major muscle used to flex the hip join?

a. vastus lateralis

b. iliopsoas

c. biceps femoris

d. gluteus maximus

Answer: B

Mitral valve prolapse is a condition which primarily affects the?

Mitral valve prolapse is a condition which primarily affects the?

a. sino-atrial node

b. bicuspid valve

c. tricuspid valve

d. descending aorta

Answer: B

What change may occur between heart rate and blood pressure as a result of chronic exercise?

What change may occur between heart rate and blood pressure as a result of chronic exercise?

a. resting heart rate and resting blood pressure are reduced

b. resting heart rate reduces, but resting blood pressure stays the same

c. maximal heart rate increases but maximal blood pressure stays the same

d. resting heart rate and resting blood pressure stay the same, but maximal heart rate and maximal blood pressure are reduced

Answer: A

Which of the following is a normal blood pressure (BP) response to aerobic exercise?

Which of the following is a normal blood pressure (BP) response to aerobic exercise?

a. both systolic and diastolic BP increase proportionately to increases in workload

b. systolic BP increases and diastolic BP decreases

c. systolic BP increases proportionately to increases in workload and diastolic BP remains unchanged or decreases slightly

d. systolic and diastolic BP both decrease at the onset of exercise, the increase in proportion to the increase in intensity

Answer: C

What action is involved in the concentric phase of the biceps curl?

What action is involved in the concentric phase of the biceps curl?

a. flexion at the elbow

b. extension at the elbow

c. pronation of the forearm

d. supination of the forearm

Answer: A

From a seated position, with dumbbells to the sides, raising the dumbbells laterally to shoulder level with elbows slightly flexed, exercises primarily the?

From a seated position, with dumbbells to the sides, raising the dumbbells laterally to shoulder level with elbows slightly flexed, exercises primarily the?

a. bicep brachii and latissimus dorsi

b. posterior deltoid

c. anterior deltoid and triceps brachii

d. middle deltoid

Answer: D

What is the correct order of the regions of the spinal column, from superior to inferior?

What is the correct order of the regions of the spinal column, from superior to inferior?

a. cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral and coccyx

b. coccyx, sacral, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical

c. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccyx, and sacral

d. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

Answer: D

Which muscle is an antagonist of the hamstrings?

Which muscle is an antagonist of the hamstrings?

a. gastrocnemius

b. iliopsoas

c. gracilis

d. sartorius

Answer: B

A subject with elbows held at 90 degrees of flexion is handed a 150 lb (68.1 kg) barbell. Even though he exerts maximal tension, the barbell causes the joint angle to increase to 170 degrees. Which one of the following describes the muscle action during the extension?

A subject with elbows held at 90 degrees of flexion is handed a 150 lb (68.1 kg) barbell. Even though he exerts maximal tension, the barbell causes the joint angle to increase to 170 degrees. Which one of the following describes the muscle action during the extension?

a. isotonic concentric

b. isotonic eccentric

c. isokinetic concentric

d. isokinetic eccentric

Answer: B

What is the order of stretching techniques from lowest risk of injury to highest risk of injury?

What is the order of stretching techniques from lowest risk of injury to highest risk of injury?

a. ballistic; slow static; proprioceptive; neuromuscular facilitation

b. slow static; ballistic; proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

c. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation; ballistic; slow satic

d. slow static; proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation; ballistic

Answer: D

Cardiac output is a product of heart rate multiplied by?

Cardiac output is a product of heart rate multiplied by?

a. peripheral resistance

b. blood pressure

c. blood volume

d. stroke volume

Answer: D

Which principle of training best describes a previously active client, who has been ill and bed- ridden for a prolonged period of time?

Which principle of training best describes a previously active client, who has been ill and bed- ridden for a prolonged period of time?

a. overload

b. specificity

c. reversibility

d. progression

Answer: C

As the intensity of the dynamic exercise increases, which of the following sets of responses occurs?

As the intensity of the dynamic exercise increases, which of the following sets of responses occurs?

a. heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure increase

b. heart rate and systolic blood pressure increase, diastolic pressure remains unchanged

c. heart rate and systolic blood pressure increase, stroke volume and cardiac output remain the same

d. stroke volume decreases, heart rate and cardiac output increase

Answer: B

Which of the following physiological changes does NOT occur when a client improves aerobic capacity?

Which of the following physiological changes does NOT occur when a client improves aerobic capacity?

a. the muscles will be able to extract more oxygen from the blood

b. total lung volume will increase in proportion to the total accumulated time of high-intensity exercise

c. the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood will increase

d. the amount of air the lungs can take in will increase because of increases in the rate and depth of breathing

Answer: B

What muscles extends the forearm?

What muscles extends the forearm?

a. supinator teres

b. pronator teres

c. biceps brachii

d. triceps brachii

Answer: D

What is the current path of blood flow through the chambers of the heart?

What is the current path of blood flow through the chambers of the heart?

a. left ventricle; left atrium; right atrium; right ventricle

b. right ventricle; right atrium; left ventricle; right ventricle

c. left atrium; right atrium; left ventricle; right ventricle

d. right atrium; right ventricle; left atrium; left atrium

Answer: D

What occurs to a muscle during the eccentric movement phase of an exercise?

What occurs to a muscle during the eccentric movement phase of an exercise?

a. shortens while contracting

b. shortens while relaxing

c. lengthens while relaxing

d. lengthens while contracting

Answer: D

What respiratory muscles can cause forceful expiration?

What respiratory muscles can cause forceful expiration?

a. external intercostals

b. pectoralis minor

c. sternocleidomastoid

d. internal intercostals

Answer: D

What is the term used to describe the body's ability to utilize oxygen during exercise?

What is the term used to describe the body's ability to utilize oxygen during exercise?

a. lactate threshold

b. anaerobic threshold

c. anaerobic capacity

d. oxygen consumption

Answer: D

What two muscles, along with the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, make up the rotator cuff?

What two muscles, along with the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, make up the rotator cuff?

a. teres minor and scalenus

b. teres minor and subscapularis

c. teres major and scalenus

d. teres major and subscapularis

Answer: B

How does heart rate increase in relation to work rate and oxygen uptake during dynamic exercise?

How does heart rate increase in relation to work rate and oxygen uptake during dynamic exercise?

a. exponentially

b. linearly

c. curvilinarly

d. inversely

Answer: B

What muscle action will most likely induce delayed onset muscle soreness?

What muscle action will most likely induce delayed onset muscle soreness?

a. concentric

b. eccentric

c. isometric

d. isotonic

Answer: B

What is the fundamental unit of muscle contraction?

What is the fundamental unit of muscle contraction?

a. myofibril

b. sarcomere

c. myosin

d. sarcolemma

Answer: B

Downhill walking / jogging / running is characterized by eccentric activation of which of the following muscle groups?

Downhill walking / jogging / running is characterized by eccentric activation of which of the following muscle groups?

a. hamstrings

b. gastrocnemius

c. brachioradialis

d. quadriceps femoris

Answer: D

The changes in muscle size associated with long-term resistance training is most likely due to increase in?

The changes in muscle size associated with long-term resistance training is most likely due to increase in?

a. muscle fiber cross-sectional diameter

b. muscle fiber number

c. connective tissue thickness

d. hydration state of the muscle

Answer: A

Which of the following occurs when walking or running up an incline?

Which of the following occurs when walking or running up an incline?

a. greater flexibility of the soleus

b. lesser force of action from the gluteus maximus

c. lesser force of action of the knee extensors

d. lesser flexibility of the plantar flexors

Answer: A

What is the primary muscle group involved in trunk flexion while standing during the eccentric phase of the movement?

What is the primary muscle group involved in trunk flexion while standing during the eccentric phase of the movement?

a. iliopsoas

b. rectus abdominis

c. erector spinae

d. biceps femoris

Answer: C

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

a. it acts as a pacemaker

b. to pump blood through the heart

c. prevents backflow of blood to the left atrium

d. prevents backflow of blood to the right atrium

Answer: D

Adenosine triphosphate production via "anaerobic" glycolysis is associated with the significant formation of what by-product?

Adenosine triphosphate production via "anaerobic" glycolysis is associated with the significant formation of what by-product?

a. pyruvic acid

b. phosphoric acid

c. citric acid

d. lactic acid

Answer: D

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body?

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body?

a. right ventricle

b. left ventricle

c. right atrium

d. left atrium

Answer: B

What feature is unique to skeletal muscle as compared to cardiac muscle?

What feature is unique to skeletal muscle as compared to cardiac muscle?

a. absence of striations

b. presence of branching

c. requires nervous system stimulation

d. presence of intercalated disks

Answer: D

What is the natural curve in the lumbar region of the spine?

What is the natural curve in the lumbar region of the spine?

a. kyphotic curve

b. scoliotic curve

c. lordotic curve

d. myotic curve

Answer: C

What is the typical resting blood pressure response to long term aerobic exercise in a hypertensive individual?

What is the typical resting blood pressure response to long term aerobic exercise in a hypertensive individual?

a. both systolic and diastolic pressures will increase

b. both systolic and diastolic pressures will decrease

c. systolic will increase, while diastolic will remain unchanged

d. systolic will decrease, while diastolic will remain unchanged.

Answer: B