Archive for June 2017

To ensure safety and effectiveness, what considerations must be kept in mind when designing an exercise program?

To ensure safety and effectiveness, what considerations must be kept in mind when designing an exercise program?




a. age, medical history, and functional abilities

b. only lifestyle and medical history, because all other variables can be changed by the design of the program created for the client

c. age and lifestyle

d. medical history




Answer: A

What are some long-term effects of physical training on the blood?

What are some long-term effects of physical training on the blood?




a. increased production of red blood cells and greater oxygen carrying capacity

b. causes a significant decrease in plasma volume called "Runner's Anemia"

c. decrease capacity for thermoregulation and greater chance of overheating

d. decreased stroke volume and cardiac output due to greater plasma volume




Answer: A

Which is not a significant impact of exercise on blood?

Which is not a significant impact of exercise on blood?






a. an increase in blood volume delivered to the working muscles

b. improved delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of waste products

c. movement of plasma out of tissues surrounding muscles and into the blood vessels to facilitate cooling

d. elevated hematocrit and hemoglobin levels




Answer: C

What is the function of the leukocytes?

What is the function of the leukocytes?





a. to transport hemoglobin

b. to transport oxygen

c. to form a plug where damage has occurred to vessel walls

d. to destroy infectious agents that enter the body





Answer: D

What is one of the beneficial vascular adaptations reaped from long-term physical training?

What is one of the beneficial vascular adaptations reaped from long-term physical training?




a. overall increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures

b. significant therapeutic impact on extremely hypertensive individuals

c. slower redirection of blood flow to skeletal muscles at the onset of exercise

d. improved capillary efficiency allowing enhanced extraction of oxygen from blood delivered to tissues





Answer: D

During exercise, a modification of the cardiovascular system involves the redirection of blood from organ systems to skeletal muscles. What percentage of blood flow normally goes toward muscles and to what percent does this increase during exercise?

During exercise, a modification of the cardiovascular system involves the redirection of blood from organ systems to skeletal muscles. What percentage of blood flow normally goes toward muscles and to what percent does this increase during exercise?



a. normal 10% exercise elevates to 75%

b. normal 15%, exercise elevates to 85%

c. normal 20%, exercise elevates to 85%

d. normal 25%, exercise elevates to 90%






Answer: C

What is Mean Arterial Pressure?

What is Mean Arterial Pressure?




a. the average pressure exerted on arterial walls during the contraction of the left ventricle

b. the average pressure exerted on arterial walls during the rest phase between beats

c. the average workload of the left ventricle in correlation to myocardial oxygen uptake

d. the average pressure exerted throughout the entire cardiac cycle




Answer: D

What figures are indicative of hypertension?

What figures are indicative of hypertension?




a. pulse pressure of 40 mmHg

b. diastolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg

c. systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg

d. mean arterial pressure of 93 mmHg




Answer: C

What impact on the heart occurs while exercising in a supine or prone position?

What impact on the heart occurs while exercising in a supine or prone position?




a. stroke volume is greater and cardiac output is greater

b. stoke volume is lower and cardiac output is greater

c. stroke volume is lower and cardiac output remains the same

d. stroke volume is greater and cardiac output remains the same.




Answer: D

What does the Frank-Starling Law state about cardiac physiology?

What does the Frank-Starling Law state about cardiac physiology?




a. that the left and right atria contract in unison, as do the left and right ventricles

b. that end-diastolic volume significantly affects stroke volume by causing greater stretch and greater contractile force on the myocardium

c. that cardiac output is a result of stroke volume and heart rate

d. that maximal effort can increase cardiac output by five to six-fold than at rest




Answer: B

How is minute ventilation affected by exercise?

How is minute ventilation affected by exercise?




a. there is a sharp initial decrease in the depth of breathing

b. the more intense the exercise, rate of breathing substantially increases and the depth of breathing has a secondary, less pronounced increase

c. it can increase up to 30-fold during high intensity exercise

d. the respiratory rate increases but the tidal volume decreases




Answer: B

What is a disadvantage to breathing through the mouth during exercise?

What is a disadvantage to breathing through the mouth during exercise?



a. increased rate of inspiration

b. increased depth of ventilation

c. decreased oxygen absorption

d. inability to filer air of airborne particles and irritants





Answer: D

What action is described by the sliding-filament theory?

What action is described by the sliding-filament theory?




a. the stimulation of the muscle contraction by the sarcoplasmic reticulum

b. the action of the actin filament sliding across the myosin to shorten the fiber and generate force

c. the process of skeletal muscles moving the limbs

d. the rate of twitching within the myofiber




Answer: B

Which position would be the best for good boy mechanics when lifting an object?

Which position would be the best for good boy mechanics when lifting an object?





a. assume a position that is not too close to the object in order to increase the torque

b. widen the base of support by raising the center of gravity as high as possible

c. reduce torque and energy requirement by positioning your center of gravity further away from that of the lifted object

d. use the power position and avoid twisting, while positioning feet in the direction of movement




Answer: D

What is the vertical ground reaction force for running speeds up to 6m/s?

What is the vertical ground reaction force for running speeds up to 6m/s?




a. one to two-fold the body weight

b. two to three-fold the body weight

c. three to five-fold the body weight

d. varies by individual based on body weight and gait abnormalities





Answer: B

What correctly describes some of the differences between normal running gait and normal walking gait?

What correctly describes some of the differences between normal running gait and normal walking gait?




a. running requires greater balance, range of motion, and increased rotary action, but decreased stride length

b. running requires greater balance, range of motion, increased rotary action, and stride length

c. running requires greater range of motion, but decreased forward incline and rotary actions

d. running requires greater balance, range of motion, and increased rotary action while maintaining the same vertical ground reaction force





Answer: B

Which example is not a common cause for gait abnormalities?

Which example is not a common cause for gait abnormalities?





a. muscular weakness

b. decreased stabilization function of the gluteus medius and minimus

c. neurological disorders

d. overactive gluteus maximus




Answer: D

What is the vertical ground reaction force pattern in a normal walking gait?

What is the vertical ground reaction force pattern in a normal walking gait?






a. bimodal in shape and of minimal magnitude on the order of 1.2-1.6-fold the body weight

b. bimodal in shape and of maximal magnitude on the order of 1-1.2-fold the body weight

c. unimodal in shape and of maximal magnitude on the order of 1-1.2-fold the body weight

d. unimodal in shape and of minimal magnitude on the order of 1-1.2-fold the body weight



Answer: B

How do the parts of a lever apply to principles of exercise in the body?

How do the parts of a lever apply to principles of exercise in the body?





a. joints are the axis, skeletal muscles provide resistance, and any weights carried cause to be applied

b. joints are the fulcrum, weights provide resistance, and the movements issue force against the weights

c. joints are the fulcrum, weights provide resistance, and the skeletal muscles are the axis

d. joints are the axis, skeletal muscle contractions cause force to be applied, and the moving portion (limb and any weights carried) are the resistance.



Answer: D

What is a lever?

What is a lever?



a. a rigid bar that revolves around a fixed point

b. the pivot point between force and resistance

c. the distance from the axis to the resistance

d. a force that overcomes gravity around the base of support





Answer: A

What is a rotary motion?

What is a rotary motion?




a. occurs when a freely movable object moves in a rectilinear or curvilinear path regardless of where the force is applied

b. occurs when a freely movable object moves in a straight line regardless of where the force is applied

c. occurs when distractive force is applied to the center of an object

d. occurs when an object is free to move only in a rotary path regardless of where force is applied






Answer: D

What is a safe, effective, and practical way for the health professional to progress the difficulty of an exercise for a client?

What is a safe, effective, and practical way for the health professional to progress the difficulty of an exercise for a client?




a. rapidly add more weight and repetitions

b. push the client to the point of failure using supersets

c. change the torque angle of an exercise as it relates to the moving joint by moving the center of gravity more distally

d. move the center of gravity more proximal to the moving joint in order to apply distractive forces





Answer: C

Why does placing a weight in an outstretched arm for a lateral shoulder raise exercise feel more difficult than if the arm were bent at the elbow for the lateral shoulder raise?

Why does placing a weight in an outstretched arm for a lateral shoulder raise exercise feel more difficult than if the arm were bent at the elbow for the lateral shoulder raise?




a. the actual mass of the weight has not changed, so the feeling of the exercise being more difficult comes solely from the mental perspective of the client

b. placing the weight in the outstretched arm changes the COG to a more distal location, which requires more effort to maintain isometric stability or to produce movement of the outstretched position

c. the distance of the force from the COG applied by the weight decreases when the arm is outstretched, making the exercise more difficult

d. there is no difference in difficulty of the exercises whether the arm is bent or straight, it is simply a preference of form




Answer: B

Which of the following does not accurately describe the Center of Gravity?

Which of the following does not accurately describe the Center of Gravity?




a. the point around which body weight is equal on all sides

b. the area of contact between the body and the supporting surface

c. the point of intersection of the three body planes

d. the point of exact center around which the body freely rotates




Answer: B

Which description correctly defines Line of Gravity?

Which description correctly defines Line of Gravity?






a. the area of contact between the body and the supporting surface

b. the point of intersection of the body planes

c. the point around which body weight is equal on all sides

d. the downward direction of the force of gravity on an object


Answer: D

Which controls the resistance to air flow and ventilation of the lungs?

Which controls the resistance to air flow and ventilation of the lungs?




a. the prevention of over-expansion of the respiratory system

b. variation in the diameter of the bronchioles

c. variation in the diameter of the lobules

d. muscular activation of the diaphragm





Answer: B

What is a major respiratory function of the nose and sinuses?

What is a major respiratory function of the nose and sinuses?




a. provide olfactory feedback

b. provide air to the glottis for speech and sound formation

c. warm, filter, and moistens air as it enters the respiratory system

d. protect, support, and maintain an open airway




Answer: C

What is the correct order of flow through cardiac structure for blood from the lungs?

What is the correct order of flow through cardiac structure for blood from the lungs?





a. superior and inferior vena cavae, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic semilunar valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, systemic circulation

b. right pulmonary vein, right atrium, bicuspid valve, right ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, systemic circulation

c. left pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, ascending aorta, systemic circulation

d. ascending aorta, aortic semilunar valve, left ventricle, bicuspid valve, left atrium, systemic circulation







Answer: C

What are the two types of bone tissue?

What are the two types of bone tissue?



a. compact and cancellous

b. compact and dense

c. compact and cortical

d. dense and cancellous





Answer: A

Which bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Which bones make up the pelvic girdle?



a. ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx

b. ilium, ischium, sacrum, and femur

c. pubis, sacrum, coccyx, and femur

d. spine, hips, and upper thigh





Answer: A

What forearm processes are necessary for locating the radial pulse?

What forearm processes are necessary for locating the radial pulse?




a. olecranon and radial styloid processes

b. olecranon and ulnar styloid processes

c. ulnar and brachial styloid processes

d. ulnar and radial styloid processes




Answer: D

What bones compose the forearm?

What bones compose the forearm?





a. humerus and radius

b. radius and ulna

c. ulna and humerus

d. clavicle and ulna




Answer: B

The inferior angle of the scapula is a landmark used for what purpose?

The inferior angle of the scapula is a landmark used for what purpose?




a. locating correct placement for ECG electrodes

b. as a skinfold site for body fat assessment

c. to determine a client's frame size

d. provides structural support to ribs





Answer: B

What is the description of the anatomical locating term "medial"?

What is the description of the anatomical locating term "medial"?





a. the anatomy referred to is relatively closer to the body's midline

b. the anatomy referred to is relatively further from the body's midline

c. the anatomy referred to is relatively closer to the head

d. the anatomy referred to is relatively further from the head



Answer: A

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?




a. arms, legs and spine

b. arms, legs, skull and pelvic girdle

c. arms, legs and pelvic girdle

d. arms, legs, pectoral and pelvic girdles





Answer: D

What is the importance of the intercostal space between the true ribs?

What is the importance of the intercostal space between the true ribs?






a. locates correct placement for electrocardiography electrodes

b. locates correct placement of hands during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation

c. locates correct placement for performing a tracheotomy

d. this intercostal space has no more significance than the other intercostal spaces



Answer: A

Which ribs do not articulate to anything?

Which ribs do not articulate to anything?



a. rib pairs 1-4

b. rib pairs 5-7

c. rib pair 8-10

d. rib pair 11 and 12





Answer: D

What anatomical factor defines a rib as a "true" rib?

What anatomical factor defines a rib as a "true" rib?




a. whether or not it is made of bone (versus cartilage)

b. whether or not it articulates directly to the sternum

c. whether it articulates to the sternum or the xiphoid process

d. all the ribs are true ribs





Answer: B

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?



a. absorb shock and bear weight

b. bear weight and provide hydration to the spinal cord

c. prevent fusion of the vertebrae

d. provide a fusion site for the sacrum





Answer: A

What is the main function of the annulus fibrosus?

What is the main function of the annulus fibrosus?





a. transmits forces evenly across the disc and deforms easily

b. binds the vertebrae together and resists destructive forces to the spine

c. provides a space for the spinal cord

d. attracts and holds water within the structure




Answer: B

What is not a function of the axial skeleton?

What is not a function of the axial skeleton?




a. supports and protects organs

b. produces hormones for delivery throughout the body

c. forms the longitudinal axis

d. provides an attachment site for muscles






Answer: B

Eversion is described as what type of movement?

Eversion is described as what type of movement?



a. turning the plantar aspect of the foot away from the body's midline

b. turning the plantar aspect of the foot toward from the body's midline

c. flexing the plantar aspect of the foot downward

d. flexing the dorsal aspect of the foot upward





Answer: A

What describes the movement type called adduction?

What describes the movement type called adduction?




a. movement away from the midline of the body and in a transverse plane

b. movement that decreases the joint angle with no movement in the plane

c. movement towards the midline of the body in the frontal plane

d. movement along the longitudinal plane






Answer: C

In what plane and axis does the movement of extension occur?

In what plane and axis does the movement of extension occur?



a. sagittal plane, longitudinal axis

b. frontal plane, mediolateral axis

c. sagittal plane, mediolateral axis

d. transverse plane, anteroposterior axis





Answer: C

Where does the movement of flexion occur?

Where does the movement of flexion occur?



a. in the sagittal plane, around the anteroposterior axis

b. in the transverse plane, around the mediolateral axis

c. in the sagittal plane, around the mediolateral axis

d. in the frontal plane, around the longitudinal axis






Answer: C

Flexion is a type of movement that performs what action?

Flexion is a type of movement that performs what action?



a. moves the part away from the midline of the body

b. moves the part towards the midline of the body

c. increases the angle of the joint

d. decreases the angle of the joint




Answer: D

what are the three cardinal planes the body?

what are the three cardinal planes the body?



a. mediolateral, anteroposterior, longitudinal

b. mediolateral, longitudinal, superior

c. longitudinal, sagittal, frontal

d. sagittal, frontal, transverse






Answer: D

What describes the systemic approach to learning anatomy?

What describes the systemic approach to learning anatomy?




a. anatomy learned via the gross anatomy approach

b. anatomy learned through organized divisions of the body

c. anatomy learned according to organ systems

d. anatomy learned topographically




Answer: C


What are some benefits of a pre-workout warm-up?

What are some benefits of a pre-workout warm-up?




a. increased heart rate, respiration, and likelihood for injury due to over-stretching

b. increased heart rate, respiration, tissue temperature

c. increased psychological preparation for exercise and chance of overexertion

d. increased respiration and decreased blood pressure





Answer: B

Which description below indicates CORRECT form and function while using exercise equipment?

Which description below indicates CORRECT form and function while using exercise equipment?




a. holding the support bars on the stair master for better balance

b. leaning forward while walking on the treadmill with a very high level of incline for better calorie burn

c. running the treadmill at as fast a rate as possible for better intensity

d. sitting upright with straight shoulders on the stationary bike





Answer: D

What is one very simple and important way to help increase core stabilization while performing core strengthening exercises?

What is one very simple and important way to help increase core stabilization while performing core strengthening exercises?





a. placing hands under the buttocks to straighten the lumbar spine

b. performing core exercises on a reverse incline bench

c. pressing down into the floor while arms are beside the torso during core exercises

d. maintaining neutral cervical spine position





Answer: D

What type of muscle fibers make up the core musculature and what type of contractions best suit these muscles?

What type of muscle fibers make up the core musculature and what type of contractions best suit these muscles?





a. slow twitch, type II muscle fibers; quick short-term contractions

b. slow twitch, type I muscle fibers; longer sustained contractions

c. fast twitch, type I muscle fibers; quick short-term contractions

d. fast twitch, type II muscle fibers; longer sustained contractions





Answer: B

What could result from training too quickly to achieve muscle strength and hypertrophy?

What could result from training too quickly to achieve muscle strength and hypertrophy?




a. muscles growing larger at different paces resulting in imbalances

b. increased risk of injury due to necessary tissues developing at differing rates

c. increased adaptability due to varying stressors

d. a fine and aesthetically desirable physique





Answer: B

What specific benefits are reaped from the rest period of training?

What specific benefits are reaped from the rest period of training?



a. allows the body to use the energy within the fat cells, thus reducing overall body fat

b. promotes a decrease in performance and increases compensation

c. recuperation-energy levels can recover, restoration of ATP and CP stores

d. decrease in body temperature and neuromuscular activity





Answer: C

Which amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids?

Which amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids?





a. those that cannot be derived from foods

b. those that cannot be manufactured by the body at all or in sufficient quantity

c. those that are necessary to the function of protein production

d. those that are more rare than non-essential amino acids



Answer: B

How does the body acquire non-essential amino acids?

How does the body acquire non-essential amino acids?





a. the body can manufacture them

b. dietary or supplemental sources

c. only via supplementation

d. there is no need for non-essential amino acids




Answer: A

Lipids, or fats, have all of the health benefits listed blow except which?

Lipids, or fats, have all of the health benefits listed blow except which?




a. carry fat-soluble vitamins

b. allow the stomach to feel full longer following meals

c. aids in the absorption of calcium from vitamin D

d. provide reduced amount of usable energy




Answer: D

Why is it important to consult with a healthcare provider regarding supplementation?

Why is it important to consult with a healthcare provider regarding supplementation?





a. full disclosure is always necessary for the sake of accurate medical assessment

b. it is important to have an open and factual communication with healthcare providers

c. some supplements can interfere with prescribed medication or can complicate other medical issues

d. often they can give advise about which brands make the best quality product




Answer: C

When the fitness goal is to alter body composition, how should meals and nutrient intake be dispersed?

When the fitness goal is to alter body composition, how should meals and nutrient intake be dispersed?




a. eat three large meals daily at evenly dispersed time intervals

b. distribute protein, calories and fat throughout the day and at each meal

c. eat as few as 1200 calories in order to deprive the body of excess energy sources

d. eat 6 large meals daily to maximize the increased metabolic response from exercise





Answer: B

Which of the following is not a consideration regarding fitness training for special populations of people?

Which of the following is not a consideration regarding fitness training for special populations of people?



a. medications and how they affect physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, etc.

b. obesity and ability to perform with proper form due to high level of de-conditioning

c. schedule-time of day when the workout will be conducted

d. age and forms of age-related conditions affecting mobility, flexibility and strength






Answer: C

What are some special conditions to be considered specifically with regard to seniors as fitness clients?

What are some special conditions to be considered specifically with regard to seniors as fitness clients?




a. degeneration limiting functional ability, coordination, bone mineral density and connective tissue elasticity

b. sweat rate, tendency to fatigue from short periods of high intensity and loses tolerance for weather extremes

c. diminished ability to perform functionally, de-conditioned core musculature and poor balance

d. decreased circulation to distal limb and increased sensitivity to overuse of energy stores






Answer: A

Why is it important to pay close attention to carbohydrate intake or insulin use during training with diabetic clients?

Why is it important to pay close attention to carbohydrate intake or insulin use during training with diabetic clients?




a. diabetics have decreased circulation

b. increased hydration may be necessary

c. to reduce the risk of hypoglycemic incidents

d. frequently there are other medical concerns concurrently that may need attention





Answer: C

What is a specific consideration when training a person with hypertension?

What is a specific consideration when training a person with hypertension?



a. they may faint with overexertion

b. they cannot bend over completely

c. they are unlikely to have comorbidities

d. medications that affect the heart rate response to exercise






Answer: D

What is a benefit of fat loss?

What is a benefit of fat loss?



a. efficiency of cardiorespiratory system

b. decreased synergistic dominance

c. greater endurance

d. increased lean muscle tissue burns more calories even when not trianing





Answer: D

The guidelines for which warm-up activity include carryout out 5 to 10 repetitions for each movement, progressively increase the ROM on each repetition, increased the speed of motion on subsequent sets, and contracting the muscles while moving through the ROM.

The guidelines for which warm-up activity include carryout out 5 to 10 repetitions for each movement, progressively increase the ROM on each repetition, increased the speed of motion on subsequent sets, and contracting the muscles while moving through the ROM.




a. stating stretching

b. dynamic stretching

c. PNF stretching

d. free weight exercises

e. ballistic stretches





Answer: B

Which of the following would be an incorrect technique for the leg extension exercise?

Which of the following would be an incorrect technique for the leg extension exercise?





a. allow the buttocks to leave the seat during the downward movement phase

b. squeeze the quadriceps muscles at the top of the movement

c. keep the thighs, lower legs, and feet parallel to one another

d. lower the pad until the knees are at a 90° angle

e. keep the back flat against the seat throughout the movement






Answer: A

What is the main purpose of spotting an exercise

What is the main purpose of spotting an exercise






a. to increase the amount of weight that can be lifted?

b. to improve the relationship between personal trainer and client

c. to increase the number of repetitions that can be performed

d. to prevent injury

e. to make the client look good



Answer: D

What are the four "E's" to consider when considering what to charge clients?

What are the four "E's" to consider when considering what to charge clients?




a. expertise, enthusiasm, environment and expenses

b. education, experience, enclosure and earnings

c. evaluation, experience, ecology and expenses

d. education, experience, environment and expenses

e. expertise, experience, environment and economics




Answer: D
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)