Archive for June 2018

The Valsalva maneuver may elicit which of the following physiological responses during the concentric phase of a resistance training repetition?

The Valsalva maneuver may elicit which of the following physiological responses during the concentric phase of a resistance training repetition? 




A. Increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased heart rate
B. Decreased systolic blood pressure and increased heart rate
C. Increased intrathoracic pressure and increased systolic blood pressure
D. Decreased heart rate and increased systolic blood pressure


Answer: C

A client who wants to strengthen muscles of the chest must perform exercises such as the bench press and dumbbell flys as opposed to lat pull down and dumbbell rows. Which of the following principles of training best describes this principle?

A client who wants to strengthen muscles of the chest must perform exercises such as the bench press and dumbbell flys as opposed to lat pull down and dumbbell rows. Which of the following principles of training best describes this principle? 




A. Overload
B. Specificity
C. Progression
D. Goal setting


Answer: B

Case study: A new client who has been resistance training for 6 months, comes to you with a goal of increasing muscular size. Following health appraisal and fitness testing including a modified 1 RM test, you design a program to meet the client's goal. Which of the following regimens best defines an appropriate plan to achieve this client's goal?

Case study: A new client who has been resistance training for 6 months, comes to you with a goal of increasing muscular size. Following health appraisal and fitness testing including a modified 1 RM test, you design a program to meet the client's goal. Which of the following regimens best defines an appropriate plan to achieve this client's goal? 




A. 4-6 sets of 6-12 repetitions at 85% 1 RM
B. 1-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions at 75% 1 RM
C. 4-6 sets of 10-15 repetitions at 60% 1 RM
D. 1-3 sets of 6-12 repetitions at 60% 1 RM



Answer: A

What of the following is the formula for calculating the heart rate reserve?

What of the following is the formula for calculating the heart rate reserve? 



A. 220, minus the age of the client
B. 220, minus the resting heart rate
C. Client's maximum heart rate, minus their resting heart rate
D. Client's maximum heart rate, minus their age



Answer: C

You are working as a certified Personal Trainer, and have a client who recently confided to you that she is getting divorced. She admits to you that her exercise routine has suffered as a result of the increased stress. Which of the following actions is most appropriate for you to take?

You are working as a certified Personal Trainer, and have a client who recently confided to you that she is getting divorced. She admits to you that her exercise routine has suffered as a result of the increased stress. Which of the following actions is most appropriate for you to take? 




A. Recommend that she increase the duration of her sessions scheduled with you as a way to cope with this stressful situation.
B. Recommend that she seek a mental health professional who can help her manage the increased stress.
C. Make a future appointment with her to discuss the divorce.
D. Recommend that she increase the number of sessions scheduled with you as a way to cope with this stressful situation.



Answer: B

As the percentage of 1 RM (Repetition Maximum) resistance increases:

As the percentage of 1 RM (Repetition Maximum) resistance increases: 



A. the amount of rest you should allow between training days should increase.
B. the number of sets performed should increase.
C. the number of repetitions until fatigue decreases.
D. the amount of rest you should allow between sets should decrease.



Answer: C

The ACSM recommended exercise prescription for developing and maintaining muscular strength and endurance for health and fitness includes a minimum of:

The ACSM recommended exercise prescription for developing and maintaining muscular strength and endurance for health and fitness includes a minimum of: 



A. 1 set of 8-12 repetitions using 8-10 exercises that train the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body.
B. 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions using 80% of the 1 repetition maximum (RM) for exercises that train the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body.
C. 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions alternating days between upper and lower body exercises.
D. 1-2 sets of 8-15 repetitions using 50-85% of the 1 repetition maximum (RM) for exercises that train the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body.



Answer: A

An appropriate exercise to develop muscle endurance for the ________ is ________ .

An appropriate exercise to develop muscle endurance for the ________ is ________ . 



A. quadriceps; one set of 15 knee flexions at low resistance.
B. triceps; one set of 15 repetitions of arm curls at low resistance.
C. wrist flexors; one set of 15 repetitions of wrist curls at low resistance.
D. hip abductors; one set of 15 repetitions of half-squats at low resistance.


Answer: C

Which of the following correctly describes the technique used in PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation)?

Which of the following correctly describes the technique used in PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation)? 



A. Passively moving the muscle in dynamic motion to increase flexibility.
B. A contract-relax sequence to relax the muscle stretch reflex mechanism.
C. Using muscle contraction of the extensors followed by muscle contraction of the flexors.
D. The required period of exercise for eliciting adaptation.



Answer: B

Which of the following exercises works best in isolating the soleus muscle?

Which of the following exercises works best in isolating the soleus muscle? 




A. Standing heel raises
B. Seated ankle extensions with the knees straight
C. Seated heel raises with bent (flexed) knees
D. Half squats with external rotation of the hip joint



Answer: C

A 45 year old male weighs 202 lb (92 kg). Skinfold analysis indicates 24% of his weight is fat. If he wants to decrease his body fat to 17%, what is his target body weight, assuming he maintains the same lean body mass?

A 45 year old male weighs 202 lb (92 kg). Skinfold analysis indicates 24% of his weight is fat. If he wants to decrease his body fat to 17%, what is his target body weight, assuming he maintains the same lean body mass? 




A. 168 lb (76 kg)
B. 178 lb (81 kg)
C. 185 lb (84 kg)
D. 195 lb (89 kg)



Answer: C

Which of the following statements is true regarding exercise for the prepubescent child?

Which of the following statements is true regarding exercise for the prepubescent child? 



A. Children are less tolerant of heat because of a higher threshold for sweating.
B. Since children are anatomically immature, they should not participate in any form of resistance training exercise.
C. Because of the lack of development of the epiphyseal growth plates, children should not participate in any form of endurance training.
D. Both B and C are true


Answer: A

What is the suggested order of an exercise session?

What is the suggested order of an exercise session? 




A. Stretch, warm-up, endurance phase, cool-down
B. Warm-up, endurance phase, cool-down, stretch
C. Stretch, endurance phase, warm-up, cool-down
D. Warm-up, endurance phase, stretch, cool-down



Answer: B

Which of the following exercise program variables describes a change in intensity?

Which of the following exercise program variables describes a change in intensity? 




A. Changing activity from treadmill to stair-stepper.
B. Increasing a treadmill incline by five degrees.
C. Increasing the number of workout days from two to three per week.
D. Increasing treadmill running time from 20 to 30 minutes.



Answer: B

Together, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend that every US adult should accumulate _____ minutes or more of moderate- intensity physical activity on most, preferably all days of the week.

Together, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend that every US adult should accumulate _____ minutes or more of moderate- intensity physical activity on most, preferably all days of the week. 



A. 15
B. 20
C. 30
D. 60



Answer: C

Why is a cool-down period important?

Why is a cool-down period important? 



A. Prevents heat stroke
B. Helps prevent injuries
C. Reduces brain blood flow back to normal
D. Returns pooled blood back to central circulation


Answer: D

What are the FITTE Factors?

What are the FITTE Factors? 




A. Frequency, injury, time, type, enjoyment
B. Frequency, intensity, total, type, exercise
C. Frequency, intensity, total, type, equipment
D. Frequency, intensity, time, type, enjoyment



Answer: D

A 35 year-old male client has a goal of completing a sprint distance triathlon. The certified Personal Trainer prescribes an exercise regimen of swimming 2 days per week, running 3 days per week, and bicycling 2 days per week. What training principle is being used?

A 35 year-old male client has a goal of completing a sprint distance triathlon. The certified Personal Trainer prescribes an exercise regimen of swimming 2 days per week, running 3 days per week, and bicycling 2 days per week. What training principle is being used? 




A. Reversibility
B. Overload
C. Progression
D. Specificity



Answer: D

What is a result of resistance training in adolescents?

What is a result of resistance training in adolescents? 



A. It promotes muscular strength.
B. It increases muscular bulk.
C. It increases the risk of osteoporosis.
D. It causes permanent musculoskeletal damage.


Answer: A

What is the formula to determine 60% of heart rate reserve?

What is the formula to determine 60% of heart rate reserve? 



A. 220 - age x 60%
B. Maximum heart rate x 60%
C. Maximum heart rate - resting heart rate x 60%
D. Maximum heart rate - resting heart rate x 60% + resting heart rate


Answer: D

As a response to a progressive resistance training program, which of the following demonstrates the predominant contribution to an increase in cross-sectional area of a muscle?

As a response to a progressive resistance training program, which of the following demonstrates the predominant contribution to an increase in cross-sectional area of a muscle? 




A. atrophy and possibly hypertrophy
B. hyperplasia and possibly hypertrophy
C. atrophy and possibly hyperplasia
D. hypertrophy and possibly hyperplasia



Answer: D

Which of the following indicates the reason why a female who is pregnant should avoid exercise in the supine position after the first trimester?

Which of the following indicates the reason why a female who is pregnant should avoid exercise in the supine position after the first trimester? 




A. obstruction of arterial blood flow
B. risk of orthostatic hypotension due to obstructed venous return
C. obstruction of the diaphragm
D. risk of decreased oxygen consumption due to pressure on the uterus



Answer: B

What is the correct path of blood flow through the chambers of the heart?

What is the correct path of blood flow through the chambers of the heart? 




A. Left ventricle; left atrium; right atrium; right ventricle.
B. Right ventricle; right atrium; left atrium; left ventricle.
C. Left atrium; right atrium; left ventricle; right ventricle.
D. Right atrium; right ventricle; left atrium; left ventricle.



Answer: D

What is the exercise response to acute cigarette smoking?

What is the exercise response to acute cigarette smoking? 



A. Respiration rate increases; blood pressure response to exercise decreases
B. Likelihood of coronary artery spasm increases; blood pressure response to decreases
C. Heart rate increases; likelihood of coronary artery spasm increases
D. Likelihood of coronary artery spasm decreases; blood pressure response to exercise increases



Answer: C

Which of the following practices are NOT recommended for persons with asthma who desire to participate in a strenuous aerobic exercise program?

Which of the following practices are NOT recommended for persons with asthma who desire to participate in a strenuous aerobic exercise program? 




A. Exercise in an environment with warm, moist air.
B. Self-administer prescribed medication as directed prior to or during the exercise session.
C. Use a short, intense warm-up.
D. Use a scarf or surgical mask in front of the mouth if exercising in cold weather.



Answer: C

What are the acute affects of alcohol intake on exercise?

What are the acute affects of alcohol intake on exercise? 




A. Increases blood pressure and impairs exercise capacity
B. Decreases metabolic rate and increases blood pressure
C. Promotes dehydration and increases risk of heart arrhythmias
D. Increases risk of heart arrhythmias and increases exercise capacity



Answer: C

What are three non-modifiable conditions that place someone at increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease?

What are three non-modifiable conditions that place someone at increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease? 




A. Advanced age, gender, family history
B. Family history, obesity, diabetes mellitus
C. Gender, family history, dyslipidemia
D. Post-menopausal status, excessive alcohol consumption, advanced age



Answer: A

What is the definition of arteriosclerosis?

What is the definition of arteriosclerosis? 



A. Death of cardiac tissue
B. Accumulation of plaque
C. Hardening of the arteries
D. Widening of the arteries



Answer: C

Your client is a 59 year old sedentary female with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. She has no history of heart disease herself, but her mother had a myocardial infarction at the age of 66. She is an ex- smoker who quit 15 years ago, blood pressure is consistently 135/85 mm Hg, total cholesterol is 180 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L) with an HDL level of 30 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), and blood glucose is 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). She has come to you for advice because she wishes to improve her overall health and fitness. What initial American College of Sports Medicine risk stratification does this client fall into?

Your client is a 59 year old sedentary female with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. She has no history of heart disease herself, but her mother had a myocardial infarction at the age of 66. She is an ex- smoker who quit 15 years ago, blood pressure is consistently 135/85 mm Hg, total cholesterol is 180 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L) with an HDL level of 30 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), and blood glucose is 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). She has come to you for advice because she wishes to improve her overall health and fitness. What initial American College of Sports Medicine risk stratification does this client fall into? 




A. Low risk
B. Moderate risk
C. High risk
D. Very high risk



Answer: B

Your client is a 59 year old sedentary female with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. She has no history of heart disease herself, but her mother had a myocardial infarction at the age of 66. She is an ex- smoker who quit 15 years ago, blood pressure is consistently 135/85 mm Hg, total cholesterol is 180 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L) with an HDL level of 30 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), and blood glucose is 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). She has come to you for advice because she wishes to improve her overall health and fitness. What are the risk factors according to the American College of Sports Medicine?

Your client is a 59 year old sedentary female with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. She has no history of heart disease herself, but her mother had a myocardial infarction at the age of 66. She is an ex- smoker who quit 15 years ago, blood pressure is consistently 135/85 mm Hg, total cholesterol is 180 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L) with an HDL level of 30 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), and blood glucose is 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). She has come to you for advice because she wishes to improve her overall health and fitness. What are the risk factors according to the American College of Sports Medicine? 




A. Family history, cigarette smoking
B. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hypercholesterolemia
C. Hypercholesterolemia, impaired fasting glucose, obesity, hypertension
D. Family history, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, cigarette smoking


Answer: B

Your client is a 59 year old sedentary female with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. She has no history of heart disease herself, but her mother had a myocardial infarction at the age of 66. She is an ex- smoker who quit 15 years ago, blood pressure is consistently 135/85 mm Hg, total cholesterol is 180 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L) with an HDL level of 30 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), and blood glucose is 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). She has come to you for advice because she wishes to improve her overall health and fitness. How many risk factor thresholds for coronary artery disease does this client possess?

Your client is a 59 year old sedentary female with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. She has no history of heart disease herself, but her mother had a myocardial infarction at the age of 66. She is an ex- smoker who quit 15 years ago, blood pressure is consistently 135/85 mm Hg, total cholesterol is 180 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L) with an HDL level of 30 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), and blood glucose is 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). She has come to you for advice because she wishes to improve her overall health and fitness. How many risk factor thresholds for coronary artery disease does this client possess? 




A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five



Answer: B

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

What is the function of the tricuspid valve? 




A. It acts as a pacemaker.
B. To pump blood through the heart.
C. Prevents backflow of blood to the left atrium.
D. Prevents backflow of blood to the right atrium.



Answer: D

What is the heart's predominant pacemaker?

What is the heart's predominant pacemaker? 




A. Sinoatrial node
B. Left bundle branch
C. Right bundle branch
D. Atrioventricular node



Answer: A

What is the correct order of an effective program planning model?

What is the correct order of an effective program planning model? 




A. Needs assessment, program implementation, program planning, program evaluation
B. Program assessment, needs planning, program implementation, program evaluation
C. Program assessment, program planning, program implementation, program evaluation
D. Needs assessment, program planning, program implementation, program evaluation



Answer: D

Which of the following statements about dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is correct?

Which of the following statements about dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is correct? 



A. The body does not produce DHEA.
B. DHEA has been shown to improve body composition and physical performance in most elderly men and women.
C. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has classified DHEA as a controlled drug.
D. DHEA has no potential influence on testosterone production by both men and women.



Answer: C

According to the current (2005) Dietary Guidelines for Americans:

According to the current (2005) Dietary Guidelines for Americans: 




A. people over the age of 50 better absorb vitamin B12 in comparison to children and other adults
B. non-heme (plant) sources of iron are richer than heme (animal) sources of iron for women of childbearing age
C. women of child-bearing age who may become pregnant require a higher daily intake of folic acid than the pregnant female
D. the elderly and individuals with dark skin are at greater risk of low vitamin D concentrations than other populations



Answer: D

When reading the label on a new "energy" bar, you notice that the bar is "sweetened with fructose". Based on this label, which of the following conclusions can you make about this product?

When reading the label on a new "energy" bar, you notice that the bar is "sweetened with fructose". Based on this label, which of the following conclusions can you make about this product? 




A. The bar is sweetened with a disaccharide.
B. Fructose in this bar would give it a high glycemic index.
C. The bar is sweetened with a monosaccharide.
D. Fructose is a type of organic micronutrient.



Answer: C

If your active client consumed 2100 kilocalories each day for one week and burned off 2600 kilocalories each day for that same week, how much weight would your client lose that particular week, assuming normal hydration?

If your active client consumed 2100 kilocalories each day for one week and burned off 2600 kilocalories each day for that same week, how much weight would your client lose that particular week, assuming normal hydration? 



A. 0 pounds
B. ? pound
C. 1 pound
D. 2 pounds



Answer: C

Which of the following is true about energy contents?

Which of the following is true about energy contents? 



A. fat = 9 kcal/gram, carbohydrate = 7 kcal/gram, water = 0 kcal/gram
B. carbohydrate = 7 kcal/gram, protein = 4 kcal/gram, alcohol = 7 kcal/gram
C. water = 0 kcal/gram, protein = 4 kcal/gram, alcohol = 7 kcal/gram
D. protein = 9 kcal/gram, fat = 4 kcal/gram, carbohydrate = 4 kcal/gram


Answer: C
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